Assessment of pharyngeal airway in Korean adolescents according to skeletal pattern, sex, and cervical vertebral maturation: A cross-sectional CBCT study

Elagib, Tassneem; Kyung, Hee-Moon; Hung, Bui Quang; Hong, Mihee

doi:10.4041/kjod21.267

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…More specifically, a tendency for an inverse relationship between lower pharynx (velopharynx and oropharynx) volume and ANB angle was reported [ 11 ], with the oropharyngeal volume being reduced in those with mandibular retrusion and increased in those with mandibular protrusion [ 12 ]. Similarly, smaller SNB values were associated with smaller nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal volumes, with differences between male and female patients becoming more evident at the completion of growth, while the vertical skeletal configuration did not seem to influence the upper airway volumes [ 13 ]. Contrary to this, another study found that facial divergence was associated with differences mainly in the oropharyngeal volumes, with hypodivergent patients having greater volumes than hyperdivergent ones [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do patients with different craniofacial patterns have differences in upper airway volume? A systematic review with network meta-analysis

Altheer,

Papageorgiou,

Antonarakis

et al. 2024

European Journal of Orthodontics

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Background Craniofacial skeletal discrepancies have been associated with upper airway dimensions. Objective To identify differences in upper airway volume across different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Search methods Unrestricted literature searches in eight databases/registers for human studies until May 2023. Selection criteria Cross-sectional studies measuring upper airway volumes using three-dimensional imaging in healthy patients of different sagittal (Class I, Class II, and Class III) or vertical (normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent) craniofacial morphology. Data collection and analysis Duplicate independent study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Random-effects frequentist network meta-analysis was performed followed by subgroup-analyses and assessment of the quality of clinical recommendations (confidence in effect estimates) with the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) approach. Results Seventy publications pertaining to 66 unique studies were included with 56 studies (5734 patients) contributing to meta-analyses. Statistically significant differences were found for total pharyngeal airway volume, with Class II having decreased airway volume (−2256.06 mm3; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] −3201.61 to −1310.51 mm3) and Class III increased airway volume (1098.93 mm3; 95% CI 25.41 to 2172.45 mm3) compared to Class I. Significant airway volume reductions for Class II were localized mostly at the oropharynx, followed by the palatopharynx, and the glossopharynx. Significant airway volume increases for Class III were localized mostly at the oropharynx, followed by the intraoral cavity, and hypopharynx. Statistically significant differences according to vertical skeletal configuration were seen only for the oropharynx, where hyperdivergent patients had reduced volumes compared to normodivergent patients (−1716.77 mm3; 95% CI −3296.42 to −137.12 mm3). Airway differences for Class II and Class III configurations (compared to Class I) were more pronounced in adults than in children and the confidence for all estimates was very low according to CINeMA. Conclusions Considerable differences in upper airway volume were found between sagittal and vertical skeletal configurations. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high risk of bias, owing to the retrospective study design, inconsistencies in anatomic compartment boundaries used, samples of mixed children–adult patients, and incomplete reporting. Clinical Trial Registration PROSPERO (CRD42022366928).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do patients with different craniofacial patterns have differences in upper airway volume? A systematic review with network meta-analysis

Altheer,

Papageorgiou,

Antonarakis

et al. 2024

European Journal of Orthodontics

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“…CBCT, and reported conflicting results. Elagib et al[16] found that skeletal patterns affect airway volume. However, the authors reported that age and sex also significantly influence airway variables.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway volume in Class I, II, and III malocclusion

Mardany,

Jafari,

Khoshdel

et al. 2024

JCTR

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with Class I, II, and III malocclusions and normal growth patterns. Methods: All CBCT images were categorized into three groups: Class I (0° < ANB < 4°, −1 mm < Wits < 0 mm), Class II (ANB > 4°, Wits > 0 mm), and Class III (ANB < 0°, Wits < −1 mm). CBCT images were obtained from individuals with normal growth patterns (32 ± 5° = GN/GO – SN), where GN represents gonion, GN is gnathion, and SN equates to the sella-nasion distance. Measurements were taken for total pharyngeal volume, velopharyngeal volume, glossopharyngeal volume, and oropharyngeal volume, and the narrowest area of the airway was measured. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to compare the airway dimensions among skeletal classes I, II, and III. Results: The CBCT images were captured from 90 patients (45 males and 45 females) aged 17 to 39. The mean volume of the total pharyngeal airway, velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal and the most constricted area were significantly greater in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion compared to patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion showing normal growth pattern. Total pharyngeal airway, velopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal volumes were lower in Class II patients compared to Class I and III patients with normal growth patterns. There was a significant difference in the pharyngeal space between males and females with Class II malocclusion. Pharyngeal space in female Class II malocclusion was higher than that in males. There was no difference regarding airway space between female and male patients with Class 1 malocclusion. Pharyngeal space between females and males with Class III malocclusion showed no difference. Conclusion: Class III pharyngeal volumes were generally larger in Class I and II malocclusions. Sex differences in the volumes of various pharyngeal spaces were only present in the case of Class II malocclusions. Relevance for Patients: Class II pharyngeal volumes were generally smaller in Class I and III malocclusions.

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Research Progress on Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Maturation Stages in Maxillomandibular Growth

王

2024

ACM

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Assessment of pharyngeal airway in Korean adolescents according to skeletal pattern, sex, and cervical vertebral maturation: A cross-sectional CBCT study

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Do patients with different craniofacial patterns have differences in upper airway volume? A systematic review with network meta-analysis

Do patients with different craniofacial patterns have differences in upper airway volume? A systematic review with network meta-analysis

Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway volume in Class I, II, and III malocclusion

Research Progress on Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Maturation Stages in Maxillomandibular Growth

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