Abstract:Sinapic acid, 3,5-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, belonging to the class of hydroxycinnamic acids, shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, and antibacterial activity. The aim of this work was to incorporate sinapic acid into solid lipid nanoparticles in order to improve its bioavailability. SLNs were prepared using the hot high-speed homogenization method. The pharmaco-technological properties and thermo… Show more
“…SA has also shown metal chelating potential, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, and tumor-fighting activities, peroxynitrite and free-radical scavenging, plus antihypertensive and cardiovascular remodeling , (Figure ). It is shown that SA’s poor solubility, hydrophobic nature, low in vitro dissolution rate, reduced oral bioavailability, and enhanced lipophilicity due to the esterification are responsible for its limited therapeutic potential whereas the increased lipophilicity results in higher affinity for the lipophilic phase of certain drug delivery systems and the cell membrane. − In this regard, several studies have been performed to investigate the possible strategies for a more effective delivery of SA for therapeutic purposes. SA encapsulation in various nano delivery systems including solid lipid nanoparticles, glucosamine nanoparticles, ethosomes, transferosomes, and liposomes has been shown to be a promising technique to overcome SA’s lack of solubility and bioavailability contributing to their interesting properties like high biocompatibility, protected drug release, and cross-skin permeability which lead to efficient penetration of the embedded molecule into the target site and a better therapeutic result. ,,, …”
Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SA encapsulation in various nano delivery systems including solid lipid nanoparticles, glucosamine nanoparticles, ethosomes, transferosomes, and liposomes has been shown to be a promising technique to overcome SA's lack of solubility and bioavailability contributing to their interesting properties like high biocompatibility, protected drug release, and cross-skin permeability which lead to efficient penetration of the embedded molecule into the target site and a better therapeutic result. 36,37,39,40…”
Sinapic acid (SA) is a phenylpropanoid derivative found in various natural sources that exhibits remarkable versatile properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metalchelating capabilities, establishing itself as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of conditions affecting the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and other neurological disorders. These effects also include neuroprotection in epilepsy models, as evidenced by a reduction in seizure-like behavior, cell death in specific hippocampal regions, and lowered neuroinflammatory markers. In AD, SA treatment enhances memory, reverses cognitive deficits, and attenuates astrocyte activation. SA also has positive effects on cognition by improving memory and lowering oxidative stress. This is shown by lower levels of oxidative stress markers, higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, and better memory retention. Additionally, in ischemic stroke and PD models, SA provides microglial protection and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. This review emphasizes SA's multifaceted neuroprotective properties and its potential role in the prevention and treatment of various brain disorders. Despite the need for further research to fully understand its mechanisms of action and clinical applicability, SA stands out as a valuable bioactive compound in the ongoing quest to combat neurodegenerative diseases and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
“…SA has also shown metal chelating potential, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, and tumor-fighting activities, peroxynitrite and free-radical scavenging, plus antihypertensive and cardiovascular remodeling , (Figure ). It is shown that SA’s poor solubility, hydrophobic nature, low in vitro dissolution rate, reduced oral bioavailability, and enhanced lipophilicity due to the esterification are responsible for its limited therapeutic potential whereas the increased lipophilicity results in higher affinity for the lipophilic phase of certain drug delivery systems and the cell membrane. − In this regard, several studies have been performed to investigate the possible strategies for a more effective delivery of SA for therapeutic purposes. SA encapsulation in various nano delivery systems including solid lipid nanoparticles, glucosamine nanoparticles, ethosomes, transferosomes, and liposomes has been shown to be a promising technique to overcome SA’s lack of solubility and bioavailability contributing to their interesting properties like high biocompatibility, protected drug release, and cross-skin permeability which lead to efficient penetration of the embedded molecule into the target site and a better therapeutic result. ,,, …”
Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SA encapsulation in various nano delivery systems including solid lipid nanoparticles, glucosamine nanoparticles, ethosomes, transferosomes, and liposomes has been shown to be a promising technique to overcome SA's lack of solubility and bioavailability contributing to their interesting properties like high biocompatibility, protected drug release, and cross-skin permeability which lead to efficient penetration of the embedded molecule into the target site and a better therapeutic result. 36,37,39,40…”
Sinapic acid (SA) is a phenylpropanoid derivative found in various natural sources that exhibits remarkable versatile properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metalchelating capabilities, establishing itself as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of conditions affecting the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and other neurological disorders. These effects also include neuroprotection in epilepsy models, as evidenced by a reduction in seizure-like behavior, cell death in specific hippocampal regions, and lowered neuroinflammatory markers. In AD, SA treatment enhances memory, reverses cognitive deficits, and attenuates astrocyte activation. SA also has positive effects on cognition by improving memory and lowering oxidative stress. This is shown by lower levels of oxidative stress markers, higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, and better memory retention. Additionally, in ischemic stroke and PD models, SA provides microglial protection and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. This review emphasizes SA's multifaceted neuroprotective properties and its potential role in the prevention and treatment of various brain disorders. Despite the need for further research to fully understand its mechanisms of action and clinical applicability, SA stands out as a valuable bioactive compound in the ongoing quest to combat neurodegenerative diseases and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
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