Assessment of persistent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of p-HEMA hydrogel loaded with rifampicin and cefixime

Abstract

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are nosocomial infections causing more than one million hospital cases annually. The progress of CAUTIs leads to severe health complications. Infections result in blockage of the medical device due to biofilm formation, which necessitates the replacement of the device. The objective of this study is to improve urological biomaterials to minimize microbial growth and reduce the incidence of CAUTIs. Challenges from mixed biofilm are crucial and need to be addressed in the development of new coating materials. Herein, an investigation highlighted the reduction of mixed biofilm overgrowth and attachment tendency on poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (p-HEMA) surface by loading the hydrogel with rifampicin (RIF), cefixime trihydrate (CFX), and combined ratios of RIF and CFX. Mixed biofilm-formation ability in (3:1) RIF: CFX-loading p-HEMA (F6) surface showed best tendency to resist form biofilm. Persistent antimicrobial activity increased in p-HEMA loaded with combined ratios of RIF and CFX surface compared to p-HEMA alone, antimicrobial activity lasted for 8 days. All fabricated films exhibited %cell viability higher than 75% on HEK 293 cells. The addition of RIF and CFX may improve the duration of urological device employment before replacement.

Natural Strategies as Potential Weapons against Bacterial Biofilms

“…Some of these, such as metal nanoparticle-based hydrogels [ 222 , 223 ], chitosan-based hydrogels [ 224 , 225 ], bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein-based hydrogels [ 226 ], and pentapeptide-based supramolecular hydrogels [ 227 ], have exhibited significant biofilm inhibitory and eradication activities against several bacterial biofilms [ 228 ]. Some bacteriophages [ 229 , 230 ], drugs [ 231 ], and different antimicrobials or active compounds [ 232 ] have also been encapsulated into hydrogels, providing efficient anti-biofilm activities with the optimized release of active compounds against different multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa , S. aureus , Acinetobacter baumannii , etc. Hydrogels can be used as promising biomaterials to treat and control multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.…”

A comparative study of antibacterial and antivirulence activities of four selected honeys to Manuka honey

“…Microplate reader (Tecan Infinite 200 PRO, Austria) was used to measure the optical density at 595 nm wavelength. Percentage of biofilm degradation was calculated by following formulas as described below ( 13 , 15 ). …”

Studying the relationship between women hormonal activity and the distribution of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria’s antibiotics susceptibility

“…The bacterial colonies were inoculated and cultured for 24-48 hours at 37°C after the Simmons citrate slants were autoclave-sterilized. The organisms were able to use citrate as their only carbon source, as evidenced by the shift in medium color from green to blue (Abboud et al, 2010;Cappuccino and Welsh, 2018;Tarawneh et al, 2009).…”

“…Antibiotic resistance was evaluated using the CLSI 2020 standards and the six antibiotic discs AMC, AZM, DA, CN, LEV, and MET. The inoculums for this test were made by diluting the suspension with 0.5 McFarland standard tubes after adding the isolated colonies formed on a blood agar plate to 5 ml of a nutrient broth and incubating at 35°C for 18 hours (Tarawneh et al, 2021;Tarawneh et al, 2022). A swab of the growth was taken from a diluted solution and streaked across the surface of the medium multiple times on Muller-Hinton agar plates.…”

“…A ruler was used to measure the diameter of each zone (including the disc's diameter), and the results were recorded in mm. The results were then interpreted according to CLSI (Al-Essa et al, 2021;Al-kafaween et al, 2021;Al-Kafaween et al, 2020a, 2020bClinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2017;Khleifat and Abboud, 2003;Mahmoud et al, 2020;Tarawneh et al, 2021Tarawneh et al, , 2022.…”