Assessment of peripheral neutrophil functions in patients with localized aggressive periodontitis in the Indian population

Abstract

Background:Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) patients exhibit abnormal neutrophil functions to a variety of environmental and host stimuli. The aim of the present study was to evaluate neutrophils chemotaxis, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity and superoxide generation in LAP patients of Indian origin.Materials and Methods:Eleven LAP patients and nine healthy subjects were included in the study. Neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated against an alkali-soluble casein solution using Wilkinson's method. Phagocytosis and microbicidal activity assay were performed using Candida albicans as an indicator organism. Nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) test was used to assess superoxide generation by neutrophils using E. coli endotoxin.Results:The chemotactic activity and phagocytic and microbicidal activity were observed to be significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in LAP neutrophils. On the contrary, superoxide generation was observed to be significantly increased (P < 0.01) in LAP neutrophils compared with healthy individuals.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that neutrophil functions, namely chemotaxis, phagocytosis and microbicidal activity, are deficient LAP patients. However, superoxide generation was significantly increased when stimulated by endotoxins, which may explain the tissue damage seen in LAP. These abnormal neutrophil functions may predispose to increased susceptibility for LAP. Further large-scale studies are required in the Indian population to ascertain the cause-and-effect relationship of defective host factors and aggressive periodontitis and to develop treatment strategies for more predictable periodontal treatment outcome.

Effects ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansleukotoxin on neutrophil migration and extracellular trap formation

“…They reach the periodontal tissues by migrating towards the highest concentration of a chemical compound, for example, bacteria-derived N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP), a process known as chemotaxis. Neutrophil dysfunction has been associated with chronic as well as aggressive forms of periodontitis (15, 16); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesise that local neutrophil-mediated periodontal tissue damage may be induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans Ltx.…”

TcpC secreting uropathogenic E. coli promoted kidney cells to secrete MIP-2 via p38 MAPK pathway

“…Using a transwell separate co-culture system, we showed that TcpC wt dose-dependently increased MIP-2 production and the concentration of MIP-2 in the group of TcpC wt -treated HEK293 cells was profoundly higher than that in the TcpC -/--treated group, which was also supported by our western blot analyses of TcpC both in the culture supernatants and in the cells of the co-culture system that showed TcpC was only detected in the TcpC wt groups and the amount of TcpC increased along with the increase of MOI. Furthermore, polyclonal antibodies to TcpC could abrogate the TcpC wt induced production of MIP-2 in HEK293 cells, confirming that this difference in MIP-2 production between the TcpC wt -treated HEK293 cells and TcpC -/--treated group 5 HEK-293 cells were co-cultured with or without TcpC wt and TcpC -/at different MOI in transwell for 15 h. MIP-2 concentrations in the supernatants were measured by ELISA (B) For analyses of supernatant and intracellular TcpC in the co-culture system, the supernatants were concentrated for 5-fold by ultrafilter. TcpC in the concentrated supernatants and in the cells were detected by western blot analysis, and semi-quantitative densitometric analyses were also performed.…”

“…Neutrophils have been implicated in the antibacterial defense of the urinary tract, and neutrophil recruitment to the infected urinary tract is initiated when bacteria stimulate the epithelial cells to secrete chemokines and express chemokine receptors (4). Although neutrophils are essential to host defense, they have also been implicated in the pathology of many inflammatory conditions and tissue injury (5). Neutrophil recruitment is an important early step in controlling tissue infections or injury, and it promotes early and robust inflammation (6).…”

Estresse oxidativo em cães com doença periodontal: comparação dos biomarcadores plasmáticos e salivares

“…Acredita-se que a lesão periodontal se amplifica quando as espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) superam a capacidade antioxidante da saliva (Konuganti et al, 2012). O neutrófilo é a célula mais abundante na resposta inicial aos microrganismos da placa bacteriana humana, sendo grande parte das ERO na cavidade bucal do homem derivada do superóxido gerado durante a ativação do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos, e exerce importante função de controlar o crescimento bacteriano (Bhansali et al, 2013).…”

“…O estresse oxidativo sistêmico na DP humana tem sido caracterizado pela maior capacidade de oxidantes totais (TOCtotal oxidant capacity) no plasma (Wei et al, 2010), pelo aumento da peroxidação lipídica plasmática (Dalai et al, 2013), pelo aumento do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos (Bhansali et al, 2013) e pelo declínio da capacidade antioxidante total (TACtotal antioxidant capacity) do plasma (Thomas et al, 2014). A saliva também possui importante atividade antibacteriana, antiviral e antifúngica (Schenkels et al, 1995).…”