“…PAI was first described for periapical radiographs (17), but numerous epidemiologic studies have used this index for panoramic radiographs (25-30) or a combination of panoramic radiographs and periapical radiographs (31)(32)(33)(34). It has been reported that panoramic digital images achieve significantly higher percentages of teeth with PAI scoring $3 (29,35,36). On the contrary, other investigators have found that an underestimation of lesions occurred when panoramic radiography was used (31,(37)(38)(39).…”