Assessment of Pelvis and Upper Leg Injury Risk in Car-Pedestrian Collisions: Comparison of Accident Statistics, Impactor Tests and a Human Body Finite Element Model

Snedeker, Jess G.; Muser, Markus H.; Walz, Felix

doi:10.4271/2003-22-0019

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Cortical wall thickness did not consistently agree with the incidence of fracture. (Snedeker et al, 2003). Hood height is defined here using a ''wraparound'' technique by which a line segment is rotated from the upper bumper edge to the point on the hood that makes first contact with the pedestrian femur or hip.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 considering hood height, pedestrian stature, the angle of impact, and vehicle speed provides a rough estimate of the resulting pelvic load. For an indepth treatment of the kinematics underlying this relationship, the reader is referred to Snedeker et al (2003). As can be seen in Table 2, neither the ratio of hood height to hip height nor hip contact velocity consistently explained the occurrence of pelvic/acetabular fracture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Output signals were digitized and recorded using a 16-bit analog/digital data acquisition system (Labview v7.0 and NI DAQCard-6036E, National Instruments Corporation, Austin TX, USA) and reduced to principle strains according to geometric formulas provided by the gauge manufacturer. Simplified vehicle geometries were constructed to accord with those used in previously performed finite element pedestrian impact simulations (Snedeker et al, 2003). For each PMHS, one of four automotive front ends was bolted to a test sled (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural insight into pedestrian pelvic fracture as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography

Snedeker

Walz

Muser

et al. 2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microstructural insight into pedestrian pelvic fracture as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography

Snedeker

Walz

Muser

et al. 2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Modeling of the hip bone under impact was published [19] but the consequences of the bony deformation on perineal structures were not performed in that study. "Whole body" models [19,24,25] and models of the torso [27,31] have the same deWciencies and do not respond to the issue.…”

Section: Conditions Producing the Mechanical Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Posterior urethral injuries associated with pelvic injuries in young adults: computerized finite element model creation and application to improve knowledge and prevention of these lesions

Bréaud¹,

Baqué²,

Loeffler³

et al. 2011

Surg Radiol Anat

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The model's application permitted us to analyze precisely the link between lateral impact trauma of the pelvic ring and lesions of the posterior urethra and to identify an urethra stretching prior to visualization of a pelvic fracture. Utilization of the model with other mechanisms of injury should allow for better comprehension of this associated trauma, improved prevention, iatrogenic aggravation of, and care for, these serious injuries.

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“…While vehicle-to-PMHS tests or simulations may provide a better understanding of new protection devices, complexity of PMHS testing and the lack of fully validated human models have turned the attention of many researchers towards simple tests or models. Vehicle sled bucks were used in pedestrian PMHS tests by Snedeker et al [20] to assess the pelvis and upper leg injury risk. While these simplified bucks reasonably approximated the geometric characteristics of current vehicle front-ends, no information about a correlation with the vehicle stiffness was provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

Untaroiu

Shin

Crandall

et al. 2010

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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2010) Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 15:5, 491-503,Previous vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations and experiments using pedestrian dummies and cadavers have shown that factors such as vehicle shape, pedestrian anthropometry and pre-impact conditions influence pedestrian kinematics and injury mechanisms. Generic pedestrian bucks, which approximate the geometrical and stiffness properties of current vehicles, would be useful in studying the influence of vehicle front-end structures on pedestrian kinematics and loading. This study explores the design of pedestrian bucks, intended to represent the basic vehicle front-end structures, consisting of five components: lower stiffener, bumper, hood leading edge and grille, hood and windshield. The deformable parts of the bucks were designed using types of currently manufactured materials, which allow fabricating the bucks in the future. The geometry of pedestrian bucks was approximated according to the contour cross-sections of two sedan vehicles used in previous pedestrian dummy and cadaver impact tests. Other cross-sectional dimensions and the stiffness of the buck components were determined by parameter identification using finite-element (FE) simulations of each sedan model. In the absence of a validated FE model of human, the FE model of the POLAR II pedestrian dummy was used to validate a mid-size sedan (MS) pedestrian buck. A good correlation of the pedestrian dummy kinematics and contact forces obtained in dummy-MS pedestrian buck with the corresponding data from dummy-MS vehicle simulation was achieved. A parametric study using the POLAR II FE model and different buck models -an MS buck and a large-size sedan (LS) buck -were run to study the influence of an automatic braking system for reducing the pedestrian injuries. The vehicle braking conditions showed reductions in the relative velocity of the head to the vehicle and increases in the time of head impact and in the wrap-around-distances (WAD) to primary head contact. The head impact velocity showed a greater sensitivity to the different buck shapes (e.g. LS buck versus MS buck) than to the braking deceleration. The buck FE models developed in this study are expected to be used in sensitivity and optimisation studies for the development of new pedestrian protection systems.

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Assessment of Pelvis and Upper Leg Injury Risk in Car-Pedestrian Collisions: Comparison of Accident Statistics, Impactor Tests and a Human Body Finite Element Model

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Microstructural insight into pedestrian pelvic fracture as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography

Microstructural insight into pedestrian pelvic fracture as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography

Posterior urethral injuries associated with pelvic injuries in young adults: computerized finite element model creation and application to improve knowledge and prevention of these lesions

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

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