Assessment of Pb-slag, MSWI bottom ash and boiler and fly ash for using as a fine aggregate in cement mortar

Characteristics and application potential of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ashes from two waste-to-energy plants

“…This indicates that the main chemical composition is relatively stable, and is mostly independent of the raw solid waste before the incineration process. Compared with the dominant oxides in OPC [56] and other waste or secondary materials [57][58][59][60] as shown in Table 4, the bottom ashes in this study contain higher amounts of SiO 2 and lower amounts of CaO. Based on the chemical properties of the bottom ash, the parameters for defining clinker characteristics were calculated and the results are shown in Table 5.…”

Use of Pb blast furnace slag as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in cement mortar

“…in Table 2) oxidation of some compounds present in the slag. The details of leaching as well as mineralogical properties of slag were already presented in another paper [21]. The leaching of some toxic elements from slag is also presented in Table 2.…”

“…In a previous study it was shown that lead blast furnace slag could in principle be used as a fine aggregate in cement mortar [21]. In this paper, the technical requirements for utilization of lead blast furnace slag as a fine aggregate in cement mortar are presented.…”

Feasibility Studies on Compressive Strength of Ground Coal Ash Geopolymer Mortar

“…Bottom ash is also rich in silica and alumina similar to fly ash [2, 10, 23,24] and hence geopolymer concrete using bottom ash has similar emphasis in reducing CO 2 emission and recycling of bottom ash. Moreover bottom ash contains toxic elements like lead, cadmium, copper which leach out in due course and contaminate the soil [1,10,11].…”