Assessment of Pathogenic Potential of Two Indian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolates by Intravenous Pathogenicity Index Test

Shankar, B. P.; Gowda, R. N. S.; Prabhu, B. H. M.; Pattnaik, Bramhadev; Nagarajan, S.; Patil, S. S.; Pradhan, H.K.

doi:10.3923/ijps.2009.283.290

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Gross and histopathological lesions in these groups were severe congestion, swelling and degenerative and lytic necrosis in kidneys and lungs were severely congested, hemorrhagic and pneumonic as compared to the birds of group B. Inflammation and congestion of kidney, urate deposits and tubule-interstitial nephritis were noted in our study and these findings were according to the results of Vasfi Marandi and Bozorgmehri-Fard et al [41], Hablolvarid et al [42]. Our results are agreed with the findings of Nili and Asasi [28] Barbour et al [43] and Pazani J. et al [14]. Similar results were obtained by Toroghi and Momayez [44] and Pourbakhsh et al [45].…”

Section: Groups Congestionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Among these factors, secondary respiratory pathogens either bacteria or viruses or both along with LPAIV exacerbated the replication of these viruses in host tissues ensuing in manifestation of severe disease, although the virus subtype isolated in these cases still produced little or no disease under experimentally infected domesticated birds [10,11]. One of the most important pathogen such as Mycoplasma gallisepticum, when co-infected with H 9 virus, resulted in the high mortality which may reach up to 10-60% [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9 in Broilers

Subtain¹,

Manzoor²

2016

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae which consists of three genera known as Influenza virus-A,-B and-C. The influenza viruses, which can cause infections in avian species belong to genus influenza virus A which can produce two different types of diseases on the basis of their virulence and pathogenicity. Thus are classified as a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). Recent outbreaks of LPAIV H 9 N 2 in Asian countries such as in Pakistan and China revealed that this subtype has become endemic in poultry population of these countries. Meager literature is available about its pathogenicity. This study was made to ascertain the pathogenesis of H 9 subtype AIVs in broilers along with most prevalent respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum under field conditions. In first part of study, challenge organisms (H 9 virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum) were isolated from field samples and experimental inoculum was prepared. In second part, pathogenesis of H 9 virus in association with M. gallisepticum was carried out under controlled environmental conditions. The virus prevailing in Pakistan was found nonpathogenic as only slight diarrhoea and depression in few birds was seen while clinical signs and lesions produced grossly and microscopically were more severe in form of severe conjunctivitis and facial edema and respiratory involvement with hemorrhagic and pneumonic lungs and degenerative and lytic necrosis in kidneys in birds infected co-infected with H 9 virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum as compared to other groups which were infected with single pathogens. Immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen revealed that replication of virus was more severe in birds infected with H 9 virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum as compared to other groups. In conclusion, the virus subtype H 9 circulating in Pakistan is low pathogenic in nature with affinity for respiratory system and urinary system while coinfection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most important factor enhancing the pathogenicity of H 9 virus under field conditions.

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Section: Groups Congestionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9 in Broilers

Subtain¹,

Manzoor²

2016

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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“…The intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of the virus strains was measured at the levels ranging from 2.9 (the viruses strain found on the chicken sold at local periodic markets) to 2.92 (the viruses strain H5N1 and H5N6 isolated on illegally imported chicken from China and ducks sold at border markets in Lang Son). The results were similar to the analysis of [3], [7], [8], [9], [12], and [15] in their studies on sickness causing characteristics of avian influenza viruses on poultry.…”

Section: Avian Influenza a Viruses H7n9 On Poultry At The Markets Ansupporting

confidence: 75%

“…If the index figure is 0.00, it means no observed chicken showed clinical symptoms in the ten days. Avian influenza viruses have IVPI > 1.2, which means the viruses are highly virulent [7], [12], [14], [15].…”

Section: * Swab Samples Examination Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Prevalence and Virulence of Avian Influenza A (H5N1, H5N6 and H7N9) Viruses on Poultry at Lang Son Markets in Vietnam

Binh¹,

Hà²

2016

AVS

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Abstract:In 2014 and 2015, composite cloacal and tracheal swab samples of poultry sold at markets in Lang Son province (Vietnam) were collected in order to examine the circulation of avian influenza A (H5N1, H5N6 and H7N9) viruses. The results show that: (i) for the chicken illegally imported from China, 3.93% to 6.43% of the chickens were found positive with type A, 3.18% to 3.78% were positive with subtype H5, and 0.37% to 3.40% were positive with subtype N1 viruses; (ii) for the chicken sold at local markets, 15.55% were found positive with type A, 5% were positive with subtype H5, and 2.77% were positive with subtype N1 viruses; (iii) for the chicken sold at the border markets, 13.49% were positive with type A, 4.76% were positive with subtype H5, and 3.96% were positive with subtype N1 viruses; (iv) for the chicken and ducks sold at the border markets with avian influenza A viruses (H5N6), 10.4% to 36.1% were positive with type A; 4.1% to 6.25% were positive with subtype H5; and 2.3% to 6.25% were found positive with subtype N6 viruses; (v) subtype H7N9 were not prevalent on the poultry sold at the border and local markets; and (vi) laboratory chicken for testing IVPI (Intravenous Pathogenicity Index) showed symptoms of sickness and died within one to two days after infected with H5N1 and H5N6 viruses. The IVPI ranged from 2.9 to 2.92. This shows that the avian influenza virus strains isolated in Lang Son were highly virulent (HPAI).

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“…Ten chickens were injected intravenously with 100 μL of diluted viruses. The chickens were examined daily for 10 days and scored [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of American-Lineage Influenza H5N2 Reassortant Vaccine Viruses for Pandemic Preparedness

Chen

Lin

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Novel low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 viruses hit poultry farms in Taiwan in 2003, and evolved into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in 2010. These viruses are reassortant viruses containing HA and NA genes from American-lineage H5N2 and six internal genes from local H6N1 viruses. According to a serological survey, the Taiwan H5N2 viruses can cause asymptomatic infections in poultry workers. Therefore, a development of influenza H5N2 vaccines is desirable for pandemic preparation. In this study, we employed reverse genetics to generate a vaccine virus having HA and NA genes from A/Chicken/CY/A2628/2012 (E7, LPAI) and six internal genes from a Vero cell-adapted high-growth H5N1 vaccine virus (Vero-15). The reassortant H5N2 vaccine virus, E7-V15, presented high-growth efficiency in Vero cells (512 HAU, 107.6 TCID50/mL), and passed all tests for qualification of candidate vaccine viruses. In ferret immunization, two doses of inactivated whole virus antigens (3 μg of HA protein) adjuvanted with alum could induce robust antibody response (HI titre 113.14). In conclusion, we have established reverse genetics to generate a qualified reassortant H5N2 vaccine virus for further development.

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Assessment of Pathogenic Potential of Two Indian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolates by Intravenous Pathogenicity Index Test

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Study on Coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9 in Broilers

Study on Coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9 in Broilers

A Study on the Prevalence and Virulence of Avian Influenza A (H5N1, H5N6 and H7N9) Viruses on Poultry at Lang Son Markets in Vietnam

Development of American-Lineage Influenza H5N2 Reassortant Vaccine Viruses for Pandemic Preparedness

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