Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Patients Without and with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

We aimed to assess whether measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and oxidative stress markers such as protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, nitrate and glutathione in plasma of elderly patients without and with coronary artery disease (CAD) identifies early risk for CAD. A total of 50 cases with cardiovascular risk factors over the age of 60 years without CAD, and 50 patients with angiographically documented CAD over the age of 60 years were included in the study. Control group consists of 200 healthy individuals without the risk factors. Demographic details were obtained from all the subjects and CIMT measured by high frequency ultrasound and oxidative stress markers such protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde and total glutathione were determined in plasma by spectrophotometric methods. The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in without CAD and CAD cases were smokers (16 vs 56 %), hypertension (26 vs 64 %), diabetes (16 vs 56 %) and dyslipidemia (18 vs 58 %) and positive family history (4 vs 38 %). None of the control group had any cardiovascular risk factors. Among the CAD cases, 16 % had single vessel disease, 44 % had double vessel disease and 40 % had triple vessel disease. The CIMT was significantly increased in CAD cases as compared to cases without CAD and healthy controls. On the other hand, CIMT was significantly increased in cases without CAD as compared to healthy controls. CIMT also increased with the duration of diabetes in patients without CAD and severity of disease in CAD cases. The levels of oxidants like plasma malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, were significantly elevated and antioxidant glutathione levels and nitrate levels were significantly reduced in cases with and without CAD as compared to healthy controls. Oxidative stress markers and CIMT was found to be significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, family history of CAD, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking when compared to patients without risk factors. In patients with diabetes, CIMT increased as duration of disease increases and also in poorly controlled diabetes. In CAD group, when number of vessel involvement (severity of coronary disease) increases, the CIMT also increases confirming that CIMT is a quantifiable risk factor for CAD.

Ultra‑low dose one‑step CT angiography for coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries using 128‑slice dual‑source CT: A feasibility study

“…Atherosclerosis-associated correlations between coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries have been reported in various studies (1–4), and it was necessary to use cardiovascular and cerebrovascular CTA for preoperative assessment of the coronary artery via pass-grafting (22). Due to the more accurate anatomical information and non-invasive operation (2,7), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular CTA has the potential to replace other morphological imaging techniques.…”

“…Atherosclerotic disease is systemic and, with the same pathogenesis, atherosclerosis of the coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries usually exists at the same time with clinical relevance (1–4). Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the primary cause of mortality in China, particularly in the developed area (5).…”

Value of the arterial stiffness index and ankle brachial index in subclinical atherosclerosis screening in healthy community-dwelling individuals

“…Criteria of > 75 percentiles of cIMT and cPS values adjusted for age and sex were identified as risk factor adjuncts to traditional risk factors for CVD [3]. An increased cIMT and the presence of carotid plaques are correlated with CVD in older and even some younger patients [4, 5]. The cIMT and cPS are valid markers of subclinical atherosclerosis as respectively presented in early- and late-stage subclinical atherosclerosis [6], but more invasive methods like angiography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of arterial disease.…”

Evaluating the Efficacy of Various Modalities to Improve Arterial Stiffness

“…As humans age there is a natural occurrence and progression of atherosclerotic disease, which to some extent this is unpreventable. However, the extent to which this accumulation occurs is modifiable, based on many factors such as diet and exercise [43,44]. The layer in the vessels that sees this accumulation is called the intima media layer, and the thickness of this layer is typically measured via ultrasound.…”

“…The layer in the vessels that sees this accumulation is called the intima media layer, and the thickness of this layer is typically measured via ultrasound. The most common vessel that is measured is the carotid artery with this measurement being called the carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) [44]. There are many factors that can slow the progression or potentially even reverse cIMT, such as physical activity and diet [45].…”