Assessment of oxidative damage and enzymatic antioxidant system activity on the umbilical cord blood and saliva from preterm newborns with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis
Abstract:SUMMARY BACKGROUND: To determine the concentration of the Lipid Peroxidation Marker: Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Antioxidant Markers: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAL) in umbilical cord blood and in unstimulated saliva in the first 24 and 48 hours of life in the PTNB of mothers with and without risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with the signing of informed consent by the pregnant women and application of a standard questionnaire… Show more
“…Under physiological conditions, this is counteracted by a concomitant rise in antioxidants. However, if this rise does not take place, excess ROS leads to oxidative damage, as observed in mothers with pregnancies complicated with obesity or diabetes [22][23][24]. Our study did not reveal changes in maternal plasma oxidative stress markers, and there was an elevation in catalase enzyme activity.…”
Fetal undernutrition programs cardiometabolic diseases, with higher susceptibility in males. The mechanisms implicated are not fully understood and may be related to sex differences in placental adaptation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated placental oxidative balance, vascularization, glucocorticoid barrier, and fetal growth in rats exposed to 50% global nutrient restriction from gestation day 11 (MUN, n = 8) and controls (n = 8). At gestation day 20 (G20), we analyzed maternal, placental, and fetal weights; oxidative damage, antioxidants, corticosterone, and PlGF (placental growth factor, spectrophotometry); and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), 11β-HSD2, p22phox, XO, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, catalase, and UCP2 expression (Western blot). Compared with controls, MUN dams exhibited lower weight and plasma proteins and higher corticosterone and catalase without oxidative damage. Control male fetuses were larger than female fetuses. MUN males had higher plasma corticosterone and were smaller than control males, but had similar weight than MUN females. MUN male placenta showed higher XO and lower 11β-HSD2, VEGF, SOD2, catalase, UCP2, and feto-placental ratio than controls. MUN females had similar feto-placental ratio and plasma corticosterone than controls. Female placenta expressed lower XO, 11β-HSD2, and SOD3; similar VEGF, SOD1, SOD2, and UCP2; and higher catalase than controls, being 11β-HSD2 and VEGF higher compared to MUN males. Male placenta has worse adaptation to undernutrition with lower efficiency, associated with oxidative disbalance and reduced vascularization and glucocorticoid barrier. Glucocorticoids and low nutrients may both contribute to programming in MUN males.
“…Under physiological conditions, this is counteracted by a concomitant rise in antioxidants. However, if this rise does not take place, excess ROS leads to oxidative damage, as observed in mothers with pregnancies complicated with obesity or diabetes [22][23][24]. Our study did not reveal changes in maternal plasma oxidative stress markers, and there was an elevation in catalase enzyme activity.…”
Fetal undernutrition programs cardiometabolic diseases, with higher susceptibility in males. The mechanisms implicated are not fully understood and may be related to sex differences in placental adaptation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated placental oxidative balance, vascularization, glucocorticoid barrier, and fetal growth in rats exposed to 50% global nutrient restriction from gestation day 11 (MUN, n = 8) and controls (n = 8). At gestation day 20 (G20), we analyzed maternal, placental, and fetal weights; oxidative damage, antioxidants, corticosterone, and PlGF (placental growth factor, spectrophotometry); and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), 11β-HSD2, p22phox, XO, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, catalase, and UCP2 expression (Western blot). Compared with controls, MUN dams exhibited lower weight and plasma proteins and higher corticosterone and catalase without oxidative damage. Control male fetuses were larger than female fetuses. MUN males had higher plasma corticosterone and were smaller than control males, but had similar weight than MUN females. MUN male placenta showed higher XO and lower 11β-HSD2, VEGF, SOD2, catalase, UCP2, and feto-placental ratio than controls. MUN females had similar feto-placental ratio and plasma corticosterone than controls. Female placenta expressed lower XO, 11β-HSD2, and SOD3; similar VEGF, SOD1, SOD2, and UCP2; and higher catalase than controls, being 11β-HSD2 and VEGF higher compared to MUN males. Male placenta has worse adaptation to undernutrition with lower efficiency, associated with oxidative disbalance and reduced vascularization and glucocorticoid barrier. Glucocorticoids and low nutrients may both contribute to programming in MUN males.
“…The studies that reported a positive association between oxidative stress and/or development of diseases related to prematurity were 72.2% (n = 13); 27.7% (n = 5) showed no significant association. Positive correlations were found in IUGR; 8 , 13 , 25 NEC; 10 , 20 morbidity and mortality; 5 , 26 BPD, IVH; 10 FIRS; 21 early-onset neonatal sepsis; 22 RDS 12 and ROP. 27 CLD, 19 DNA damage, 4 IVH, 24 cardiac functions, 23 and endothelial dysfunction 9 were not associated with oxidative stress levels in included studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Synthesis of the articles, year of publication, type of study, sample, source of specimen, biomarkers, diseases evaluated, and the main outcomes are described in Table 1 . 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 Figure 1 Flowchart of the study selection process for the integrative review on oxidative stress in premature newborns. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Maternal TAC during PE is useful to predict poor motor development at the corrected age of one year. Coutinho et al, 2018 22 Brazil Transversal 21 PTN Cord blood, saliva, and urine MDA SOD GPx Catalase Sepsis GPx in cord blood can be a diagnostic tool for suspicion of early-onset neonatal sepsis in PTNs of mothers with risk factors for sepsis. Armann et al, 2018 23 Turkey Case-control study 80 PTN Cord blood TAC TOS OSI Cardiac functions TAC, TOS, and OSI were significantly higher for NB of mothers with PE.…”
“…During labor, a newborn changes the environment from intrauterine to extrauterine, and at the same time, partial oxygen pressure in newborn's arterial blood rises rapidly from 25 mmHg to 100 mmHg. As a result of hyperoxia, a significant amount of free radicals is generated [ 77 , 78 ]. Among procedures which are common in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), oxygen therapy [ 79 ] and parenteral nutrition [ 80 ] markedly promoted oxidative damage.…”
Section: Neonatal Diseases Related To Ros and Intense Inflammationmentioning
In an infant’s body, all the systems undergo significant changes in order to adapt to the new, extrauterine environment and challenges which it poses. Fragile homeostasis can be easily disrupted as the defensive mechanisms are yet imperfect. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, is low; therefore, neonates are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Free radical burden significantly contributes to neonatal illnesses such as sepsis, retinopathy of premature, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or leukomalacia. However, newborns have an important ally—an inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which expression rises rapidly in response to stress stimuli. HO-1 activity leads to production of carbon monoxide (CO), free iron ion, and biliverdin; the latter is promptly reduced to bilirubin. Although CO and bilirubin used to be considered noxious by-products, new interesting properties of those compounds are being revealed. Bilirubin proved to be an efficient free radicals scavenger and modulator of immune responses. CO affects a vast range of processes such as vasodilatation, platelet aggregation, and inflammatory reactions. Recently, developed nanoparticles consisting of PEGylated bilirubin as well as several kinds of molecules releasing CO have been successfully tested on animal models of inflammatory diseases. This paper focuses on the role of heme metabolites and their potential utility in prevention and treatment of neonatal diseases.
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