Assessment of Oxaliplatin-Loaded Iodine Nanoparticles for Chemoradiotherapy of Human Colorectal Cancer (HT-29) Cells

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is highly prevalent worldwide and has significant morbidity and mortality in humans. High-atomic-number nanoparticles such as iodine can act as X-rays absorbers to increase the local dose. The synthesis and fabrication of oxaliplatin-loaded iodine nanoparticles, their characterization, cell toxicity, radiosensitivity, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle assay in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells are investigated. Results show that the synthesis of a new iodine nanoparticle, polymerized triiodobenzene coated with chitosan and combined with oxaliplatin as a chemotherapeutic drug, performed well in vitro in an intracellular radiosensitizer as chemoradiotherapy agent in HT-29 cell lines. Findings also show that the INPs alone have no impact on cell cycle development and apoptosis. In contrast, oxaliplatin-loaded INPs along with 2 and 6 MV radiation doses produced more apoptosis. The interaction of INPs with mega-voltage photon energies is the cause of a major radiosensitization enhancement in comparison to radiation alone. Furthermore, results show that INPs may work as radiosensitization nanoprobe agents in the treatment of HT-29 cells due to their effect on increasing radiation dose absorption. Overall, iodine nanoparticles may be used in the treatment of colorectal cancers in clinical studies.

A review of bismuth‐based nanoparticles and their applications in radiosensitising and dose enhancement for cancer radiation therapy

“…In addition, methods like IGRT, IMRT, and tomotherapy have been investigated by many researchers. In most studies, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as a radiosensitiser, but the use of AuNPs has many limitations that make it unable to use extensively in clinical applications [6]. In the current study, the new update of bismuth‐based NPs was investigated in cancer treatment.…”

“…This can lead to treatment failure and can also cause side effects in normal tissues [4]. Hence, the use of radiosensitizers may be beneficial to enhance the delivery of radiation doses to tumour cells [5].Recently, as a new radiosensitising technique in medicine, nanoparticles (NPs) may have improved the treatment of various types of tumours [6]. Therefore, many studies are limited to in vitro and in vivo conditions of nanoparticle application in radiotherapy [7,8].…”

Recent Metal Nanotheranostics for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: A Review

“…Moreover, in another study that set out to determine the effect of glucose-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) labeled with radionuclide 68 Ga for positron emission tomography (PET)/ CT dual-mode imaging, Li et al [27] found that 68 Ga labeled with 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) DG-Au DENPs can be used for PET/CT imaging and immunotherapy of different tumor types. In this line [2], the researcher investigated the multi-modality imaging and photothermal effect of gold-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Zhang et al [28] pointed out that due to photothermal stability, low cytotoxicity, and high biocompatibility, Au-UCNPs-DSPE-PEG 2k may be utilized as MRI and CT contrast agents for both in vivo and in vitro, and may also be used for photothermal treatment.…”

“…Nanoparticles in medicine have applications in developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for cancer treatment and detection [1]. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using nanoparticles in medicine, especially in medical imaging as a contrast agent, in radiation therapy as carriers for drug and gene delivery, and as a radio-sensitizer [2][3][4].…”

Recent Advances in Metal-Based NanoEnhancers for Particle Therapy

“…Subsequently, publications involving AuNPs in cancer RT grew rapidly because of the high X-ray absorption coefficient and ease of synthetic manipulation, which enabled the particle’s physicochemical properties to be controlled with better precision [ 41 , 42 ]. In the coming years, other sophisticated NPs composed of heavy elements, such as titanium (Ti, Z = 22) [ 42 , 43 ], iodine (I, Z = 53) [ 44 , 45 ], gadolinium (Gd, Z = 64) [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], hafnium (Hf, Z = 72) [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and bismuth (Bi, Z = 83) [ 52 , 53 ], have been studied extensively. Based on these studies, kV X-rays as a radiation modality can use the high photoelectric absorption cross-section and the consecutive release of secondary electrons (including Auger electrons and photoelectrons) from NREs as an advantage to further enhance the radiation effects( Figure 3 A).…”