Assessment of outdoor shading strategies to improve outdoor thermal comfort in school courtyards in hot and arid climates

Mahmoud, Randa Mohamed Ahmed; Abdallah, Amr Sayed Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.104147

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results of this study were similar to the finding of Randa Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud and Amr Sayed Hassan Abdallah, who investigated the effect of outdoor shading strategies on the thermal environment. They reported a higher influence of trees in shading a narrow courtyard with a H/W ratio of 0.7 compared to a wide courtyard with a H/W ratio of 0.4 [77]; however, it is worth noting that the academic buildings they surveyed were only 10 m high and enclosed on three sides, which could lead to different shadowing effects due to varying building heights and enclosure forms [41,78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Examining the Effects of Tree Canopy Coverage on Human Thermal Comfort and Heat Dynamics in Courtyards: A Case Study in Hot-Humid Regions

Lin,

Yang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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Providing thermal comfort in the courtyards of academic buildings is important and increasing tree canopy coverage (TCC) presents a convenient and feasible method to achieve this; however, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the cooling effects of TCC, considering both outdoor thermal comfort and heat dynamics. In this study, we selected two typical academic buildings at Guangzhou University, each with courtyards having different height-to-width ratios (H/W ratios). We employed both field measurements and ENVI-met-based numerical models to simulate scenarios with varying TCCs. The results demonstrated that the cooling effects caused by arranging trees increase with the TCC values. During the hottest hours of the day, trees arranged in courtyards with high H/W ratios exhibited a superior cooling effect compared to those in courtyards with low H/W ratios, with a difference of up to 0.6 °C in the PET (physiological equivalent temperature); however, over the entire daytime, the total sensible heat reduction achieved by trees in courtyards with low H/W ratios surpassed that of courtyards with high H/W ratios, with a difference of up to 0.25 × 104 J/m2. Our findings underscore the crucial role of TCC in enhancing cooling in the courtyard of academic buildings, with important implications for university planning and design.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Examining the Effects of Tree Canopy Coverage on Human Thermal Comfort and Heat Dynamics in Courtyards: A Case Study in Hot-Humid Regions

Lin,

Yang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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“…Recently, more emphasis has been placed on understanding the relationship between urban features and local climate and devising mitigation and adaptation techniques to enhance urban thermal performance [7,8]. Several studies on the effects of various urban geometrical thermal mitigation measures on outdoor spaces have been conducted for hot, arid climate zones [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Of 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impact of Various Vegetation Scenarios on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Low-Density Residential Areas of Hot Arid Regions

Gomaa,

El Menshawy,

Nabil

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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In hot, arid regions, outdoor spaces suffer from intense heat. This study explores how vegetation can improve outdoor thermal performance for pedestrians in low-density residential areas. Specifically, it seeks to identify the best combination of grass and trees for optimal comfort. Four scenarios were simulated using ENVI-met software, varying the proportions of grass and three tree types: 50% grass, 50% grass with 25% trees, 50% grass with 50% trees, and 50% grass with 75% trees. A reference scenario with no vegetation was also investigated. The simulated outputs encompassed air temperature (Ta), mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), relative humidity (RH), and physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). The findings show that scenarios with a higher percentage of trees exhibited the best reduction in air temperature, ranging from 0.2 k to 0.92 k. Additionally, the inclusion of trees and grass in the scenarios resulted in a substantial improvement in thermal performance, with an average reduction of 7.5 degrees in PET. Among the evaluated scenarios, the one comprising 75% trees and 50% grass exhibits the most noteworthy enhancement. This study underscores the significance of strategically positioning vegetation to coincide with prevailing wind patterns, thereby enhancing convective cooling mechanisms and improving overall thermal comfort levels. These insights offer valuable implications for urban planning and the development of sustainable design strategies.

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“…; and the third part paid attention to the dormitory staff's subjective perception of and satisfaction with the thermal environment and air quality in the room [28,29]. The thermal environment evaluation followed the seven-level thermal sensation voting as defined by ASHRAE [30].…”

Section: Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in University Dormitories in China

Wu,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Most studies on Chinese dormitories are carried out in summer, while few focus on a transition season or winter. This study evaluated the air quality of a student dormitory in a university in the Beijing area by using a questionnaire survey and on-site measurements. The CO2 concentration was used as an indoor air quality evaluation index to characterize the freshness of the air, and different window opening conditions in the dormitory were simulated, with corresponding improvement plans proposed. The results of this study revealed that the air quality and thermal comfort of the student dormitories during a transition season and winter fell short of expectations. According to the survey, students who opened their windows frequently had a better subjective perception of the air quality. However, due to the large temperature difference between day and night, more than 80% of the students felt too cold when opening the windows. For daytime conditions, the area of unilateral ventilation window opening should not be less than 0.39 m2, the area of bilateral ventilation window opening should not be less than 0.13 m2, and the time taken to close the windows and doors should not exceed the maximum ventilation interval. Empirical equations were fitted for nighttime conditions based on the CO2 concentration, number of people in the room, and window opening area, resulting in a reasonable window opening area of 0.349 m2~0.457 m2. In sum, this study assessed the air quality status within typical university dormitories across varying seasons, gaining a clear understanding of how different ventilation strategies and occupant densities influence air freshness and thermal comfort. Based on these insights, a practical and optimized window area recommendation was formulated to enhance the indoor environmental quality in these dormitories.

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Assessment of outdoor shading strategies to improve outdoor thermal comfort in school courtyards in hot and arid climates

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Examining the Effects of Tree Canopy Coverage on Human Thermal Comfort and Heat Dynamics in Courtyards: A Case Study in Hot-Humid Regions

Examining the Effects of Tree Canopy Coverage on Human Thermal Comfort and Heat Dynamics in Courtyards: A Case Study in Hot-Humid Regions

Investigating the Impact of Various Vegetation Scenarios on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Low-Density Residential Areas of Hot Arid Regions

Evaluation of Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in University Dormitories in China

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