Assessment of organic constituents in sewage sludge

Litz, Norbert

doi:10.2166/wst.2000.0203

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Sewage sludge is a kind of semi-solid waste with complex rheological properties. It not only contains a large number of organic compounds but also some hazardous substances such as pathogenic micro-organisms, bacteria, and heavy metals [1,2]. Therefore, sludge must be disposed properly in case of secondary pollution [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and application of sludge with additive scrap iron-based activated carbons

Xin

Wang

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TActivated carbons were prepared using sewage sludge with additive scrap iron as precursor and ZnCl 2 as activator by pyrolysis method. By examining the effects of pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, impregnation ratio, and scrap iron dosage on the adsorption performance of the sludge with additive scrap iron-based activated carbon, the optimum preparation conditions were obtained as following: pyrolysis temperature of 550˚C, pyrolysis time of 50 min, impregnation ratio of 3:1, and scrap iron dosage of 0.5 wt %. The physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbons produced from sewage sludge with and without additive scrap iron were determined and compared. The results showed that adding scrap iron into sewage sludge could enhance the pyrolysis of sludge and significantly improve the formation of mesopores in the produced activated carbon. In the adsorption experiments applying the prepared activated carbons to the treatment of azo dye wastewater, the adsorption data fitted the Langmuir model well. The adsorption performance of the activated carbon for the dye was remarkably enhanced after the addition of scrap iron, with the maximum adsorption capacity increasing from 156.25 to 243.31 mg/g.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and application of sludge with additive scrap iron-based activated carbons

Xin

Wang

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…However, numerous research reports point to the danger of a permanent introduction of organic pollutants into the soil with the biological use of sewage sludge (Alcock et al 1996;Litz and Müller-Wagener 1998;Madsen et al 1999;Litz 2000;Smith et al 2001). Researchers have drawn attention (Smith et al 2001;Bodzek et al 1997; Stevens et al 2003) to the high content, relative to their origin, of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs entering the soil environment through sewage sludge application are subjected to various processes, such as volatilization, abiotic and biotic degradation, and plant root uptake (Smith et al 2001). The latter is very important because this might result in introduction of PAHs in the human food chain and increase human exposure to these carcinogenic and/ or mutagenic compounds (Wilson, Duarte-Davidson, and Jones 1996;Litz 2000;Smith et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sewage Sludge‐Amended Soil

Oleszczuk¹,

Baran²

2005

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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The objective of this research was to estimate the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sandy soil fertilized with various doses of sewage sludge. The experiment consisted of six plots to which the following doses of sewage sludge were added: 30, 75, 150, 300, and 600 t/ha. Sixteen PAHs from the United States Environmental Protection Agency list were determined by means of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection after preliminary ultrasonic extraction. Content of PAHs in the control soil was 46 mg/kg. The application of sewage sludge caused an increase in the PAH sum in relation to the dose applied. In soil amended with 30, 75, 150, 300, and 600 t/ha of sewage sludge, the increase of PAH content to 74, 177, 430, 883, and 1004 mg/kg, respectively, was observed (in the 0-to 20-cm horizon). After 2 days from the introduction of the sludge, an increase of the PAH content in the 20-to 40-cm horizon was also noted. The composition of the PAH group also changed. A decrease in the share of 3-ring PAHs at the expense of the 4-and 5-ring PAHs took place. The addition of sewage sludge to sandy soil in an amount up to 300 t/ha did not cause an increase in the PAH content in the soil to a level that could pose a danger of these compounds migrating into the human food chain. However, an increase in PAH content in the 20-to 40-cm soil horizon shows the danger relating to PAH migration into the deeper horizon with the possibility of contaminating groundwater.

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“…Deposition of such highly contaminated sludge recently was shown to result in significant toxic effects within the indigenous soil AOB population [13]. The observed short‐term effects on N cycling and soil fertility underscore the general concept of LAS being a high‐priority environmental pollutant in sewage sludge and sludge‐amended soils [14]. In the present study, LAS amendment levels were chosen based on known sensitivities of the AOB population within the studied soil [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of soil moisture on linear alkylbenzene sulfonate‐induced toxicity in ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria

Nielsen¹,

Brandt²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Moisture affects bioavailability and fate of pollutants in soil, but very little is known about moisture-induced effects on pollutant toxicity. We here report on a modifying effect of moisture on degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs) and on their toxicity towards ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in agricultural soil. In soil spiked with two LAS levels (250 or 1,000 mg/kg) and incubated at four different moisture levels (9-100% of water-holding capacity), degradation was strongly affected by both soil moisture and initial LAS concentration, resulting in degradation half-lives ranging from 13 to more than 160 d. Toxicity towards AOB assessed by a novel Nitrosomonas europaea luxAB-reporter assay was correlated to total LAS concentration, indicating that LAS remained bioavailable over time without accumulation of toxic intermediates. Toxicity towards indigenous AOB increased with increasing soil moisture. The results indicate that dry soil conditions inhibit LAS degradation and provide protection against toxicity within the indigenous AOB, thus allowing for a rapid recovery of this population when LAS degradation is resumed and completed after rewetting. We propose that the protection of microbial populations against toxicity in dry soil may be a general phenomenon caused primarily by limited diffusion and thus a low bioavailability of the toxicant.

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Assessment of organic constituents in sewage sludge

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation, characterization, and application of sludge with additive scrap iron-based activated carbons

Preparation, characterization, and application of sludge with additive scrap iron-based activated carbons

Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sewage Sludge‐Amended Soil

Influence of soil moisture on linear alkylbenzene sulfonate‐induced toxicity in ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria

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