Assessment of Opioid Dependence with Naloxone

Abstract

SummaryThe reliability and validity of a naloxone rating scale (CINA) for assessing opioid dependence were studied in 75 opiate‐abusing patients. Patients received 0.4 mg naloxone IV, and the naloxone‐precipitated withdrawal effects were systematically measured at three five minute intervals using the 13‐item CINA scale. The reliability coefficient alpha of the total withdrawal score was 0.81. The item scores and total score were correlated well except for nasal congestion, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. The inter‐rater reliability of the total scores for the two raters was 0.93. The final methadone dose used in the treatment of individual patients was regressed on the CINA score. The simple regression equation was: METHADONE DOSE=11.2+ 0.72 CINA SCORE. This equation accounted for 69% of the variance of the final dose. By including a quadratic term, the prediction of the final methadone dose was improved by 3% (or a total of 72% of the variance); the regression equation was: METHADONE DOSE=4.36+1.26 CINA SCORE—0.01 CINA SCORE.2 The relatively large correlation (above 0.83) between CINA and the final methadone dose may be taken as an indication of the validity of the CINA score.

Gender-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Auditory and Visual Attention

“…Self-reported mood was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale (Radloff, 1977). Among smokers, measures of symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (Hughes and Hatsukami, 1998) and the Clinical Institute for Narcotic Withdrawal Scale (Peachey and Lei, 1988), and tobacco craving, using the Shiffman Jarvik scale (1796), were also obtained at the time of assessment.…”

Brief report: Buprenorphine retention in primary care

“…The Clinical Institute Narcotics Assessment (CINA) documented withdrawal symptoms prior to treatment. 8 The patient walked to a local pharmacy with a prescription for that day's buprenorphine/ naloxone, and returned to the office. Under supervision, 4 mg of buprenorphine/naloxone was used sublingually and the patient who remained was observed for 1-2 hours.…”

The role of alcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss in controlling opium withdrawal symptoms: a randomized, double-blind study

“…The questionnaire was translated and validated in the Center for Medicinal Herbs of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Scoring higher than 31 on the questionnaire is considered as having severe withdrawal symptoms [28]. Scoring is based on clinical findings seen by the therapist.…”

“…To evaluate the severity of withdrawal symptoms the CINA scale was used [28]. This is an 11-item questionnaire and each item scores from 0 to 2, 3 or 6.…”

“…If patients scored more than 31 points on the Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA) questionnaire [28], they were excluded to avoid symptoms of severe deprivation; they were later treated using standard treatments. Setting: the addiction treatment clinic in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran.…”