Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Organic Flame Retardants: A Systematic Review

Gravel, Simon-Pierre; Aubin, Simon; Labrèche, France

doi:10.1093/annweh/wxz012

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Greater maternal PBDE levels were strongly linked to worse newborn head circumference (HC) and Apgar1 scores ( 73 ). Multiple metabolic abnormalities may alter the connections by escalating oxidative stress, regulating vasodilation, mediating neurotoxicity, and causing dysbiosis in the mother’s gut microbiota ( 74 ). When discussing the potential link between PBDEs and neurodevelopmental issues, evidence for PBDE-induced epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, chromatin dynamics, and non-coding RNA expression was examined ( 75 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Edcs On Placentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

et al. 2023

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors are substances that are either naturally occurring or artificial and are released into the natural environment. Humans are exposed to EDCs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Many everyday household items, such as plastic bottles and containers, the liners of metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, gadgets, cosmetics, and pesticides, contain endocrine disruptors. Each hormone has a unique chemical makeup and structural attributes. The way that endocrine hormones connect to receptors is described as a “lock and key” mechanism, with each hormone serving as the key (lock). This mechanism is enabled by the complementary shape of receptors to their hormone, which allows the hormone to activate the receptors. EDCs are described as exogenous chemicals or compounds that have a negative impact on organisms’ health by interacting with the functioning of the endocrine system. EDCs are associated with cancer, cardiovascular risk, behavioural disorders, autoimmune abnormalities, and reproductive disorders. EDCs exposure in humans is highly harmful during critical life stages. Nonetheless, the effect of EDCs on the placenta is often underestimated. The placenta is especially sensitive to EDCs due to its abundance of hormone receptors. In this review, we evaluated the most recent data on the effects of EDCs on placental development and function, including heavy metals, plasticizers, pesticides, flame retardants, UV filters and preservatives. The EDCs under evaluation have evidence from human biomonitoring and are found in nature. Additionally, this study indicates important knowledge gaps that will direct future research on the topic.

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Section: Impact Of Edcs On Placentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

et al. 2023

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“…In a review by Gravel et al [ 11 ], peer-reviewed publications of quantitative air, dust, and biological fluid studies assessing the occupational exposure of formal workers from different industries to organic compounds, including BFRs were critically collected and compiled. Evidence showed the most studied compounds were PBDEs and NBFRs, while the most studied sites were offices and WEEE recycling facilities, the latter reporting the highest exposures.…”

Section: Weee Recycling As a Source Of Exposure To Bfrs: Health And Environmental Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with a variety of other pollutants, exposure to BFRs in the occupational environment can be much higher than environmental exposure. In fact, some of the highest BFR exposures that have been determined were in offices and WEEE recycling facilities [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Plastics from WEEE: A Review of the Environmental and Human Health Challenges Associated with Brominated Flame Retardants

Chaine

Hursthouse

McLean³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) presents the dual characteristic of containing both hazardous substances and valuable recoverable materials. Mainly found in WEEE plastics, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a component of particular interest. Several actions have been taken worldwide to regulate their use and disposal, however, in countries where no regulation is in place, the recovery of highly valuable materials has promoted the development of informal treatment facilities, with serious consequences for the environment and the health of the workers and communities involved. Hence, in this review we examine a wide spectrum of aspects related to WEEE plastic management. A search of legislation and the literature was made to determine the current legal framework by region/country. Additionally, we focused on identifying the most relevant methods of existing industrial processes for determining BFRs and their challenges. BFR occurrence and substitution by novel BFRs (NBFRs) was reviewed. An emphasis was given to review the health and environmental impacts associated with BFR/NBFR presence in waste, consumer products, and WEEE recycling facilities. Knowledge and research gaps of this topic were highlighted. Finally, the discussion on current trends and proposals to attend to this relevant issue were outlined.

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“…Air and dermal exposure to flame retardants, reported previously in workers in some of these industries (e.g., chemical manufacturing), was elevated compared to other studies . There have been relatively few occupational-specific biological monitoring studies, but non-occupational studies have been conducted to determine human exposure to flame retardants in the general population and within specific groups such as gymnasts or those seeking reproductive counseling. ,,, Gravel et al identified a gap in occupational exposure assessment to flame retardants; most studies evaluated PBDEs with fewer studies evaluating OPEs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Organophosphate and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants of American Workers and Associations with Inhalation and Dermal Exposures

Estill,

Mayer,

Chen

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study evaluated workers' exposures to flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and other brominated flame retardants (BFRs), in various industries. The study aimed to characterize OPE metabolite urinary concentrations and PBDE serum concentrations among workers from different industries, compare these concentrations between industries and the general population, and evaluate the likely route of exposure (dermal or inhalation). The results showed that workers from chemical manufacturing had significantly higher (p <0.05) urinary concentrations of OPE metabolites compared to other industries. Spray polyurethane foam workers had significantly higher (p <0.05) urinary concentrations of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) compared to other industries. Electronic scrap workers had higher serum concentrations of certain PBDE congeners compared to the general population. Correlations were observed between hand wipe samples and air samples containing specific flame-retardant parent chemicals and urinary metabolite concentrations for some industries, suggesting both dermal absorption and inhalation as primary routes of exposure for OPEs. Overall, this study provides insights into occupational exposure to flame retardants in different industries and highlights the need for further research on emerging flame retardants and exposure reduction interventions. KEYWORDS: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP)

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Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Organic Flame Retardants: A Systematic Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 107 publications

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

Recycling Plastics from WEEE: A Review of the Environmental and Human Health Challenges Associated with Brominated Flame Retardants

Biomarkers of Organophosphate and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants of American Workers and Associations with Inhalation and Dermal Exposures

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