Assessment of Occlusal Force and Local Gas Release Using Degradable Bacterial Cellulose/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Bioaerogel for Oral Healthcare

Abstract

Dental diseases resulting from movement disorders and volatile gases are very common. The classic method for detecting occlusal force is effective; however, its function is one-time rather than real-time monitoring, and the technology is very time-consuming. Herein, we report a multifunctional, flexible, and degradable bacterial cellulose/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene bioaerogel for the accurate detection of occlusal force and early diagnosis of periodontal diseases. Combining the mechanical properties of MXene and the abundant functional groups of bacterial cellulose, 3D porous bioaerogels exhibit both pressure-sensitive and ammonia (NH 3 )-sensitive responses. By integrating these substances into a flexible array, the resulting device can distinguish the intensity, location, and even the time sequence of the occlusion force; moreover, it can provide NH 3 gas and occlusion force response signals. Therefore, this technology is promising for both disease diagnosis and oral health. In addition, the introduction of a renewable biomaterial allows the bioaerogel to degrade completely using a low-concentration hydrogen peroxide solution, making the device environmentally friendly and satisfying the demands for sustainable development.

Self-Assembly 3D Porous Crumpled MXene Spheres as Efficient Gas and Pressure Sensing Material for Transient All-MXene Sensors

“…Jiang et al developed a transient paper-based composite decorated with reduced graphene oxide and polyaniline with ammonia sensitivity and partial degradation [ 9 ]. Shen’s group demonstrated a bacterial cellulose/MXene composite aerogel toward ammonia and pressure detection [ 10 ]. However, the above-mentioned sensors only achieved partial degradation when realizing gas/pressure sensing.…”

All‐Flexible Artificial Reflex Arc Based on Threshold‐Switching Memristor

“…[32,33] TiC, a 2D MXene material with excellent electrical conductivity, was coated on the TPU film obtained by electrospinning to prepare a highly sensitive stretch sensor. [34,35] A schematic diagram of the device simulation stretching biosensor and its photograph are shown in Figure 5a. As shown in Figure 5b and Figure S6 (Supporting Information), the stretch range of the MXene/TPU stretch sensor ranges from 10% to 40%, which is similar to the bladder radius expansion rate (volume change rate of 300%), and the maximum stretch strain response can reach 225%.…”

Biomedical Applications of MXene‐Integrated Composites: Regenerative Medicine, Infection Therapy, Cancer Treatment, and Biosensing

“…It is worth mentioning that the sensor was biodegradable, biocompatible, and decomposed in very low H 2 O 2 concentrations (Figure 18). [184] Bacterial cellulose/ Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (BC/MXene) aerogels were flexible and easily degraded. This sensing platform was provided to prevent dental diseases by identifying the occlusal force and local diffusion In a nutshell, the pulse frequency of a normal human is found to be 70 times min −1 .…”

“…Therefore, such MXene‐based biosensors could serve as a helpful platform for the initial screening of dental diseases (Figure 18A,B). [ 184 ] In fact, the functional groups present on the MXene surface were combined with bacterial cellulose via hydrogen bonding, then a composite aerogel was obtained by freeze‐drying. The freezing methodology help to arrange cellulose along the ice grain boundary, leading to a porous 3D structure while embedding the MXene nanosheets into the cellulose layers.…”

“…In a nutshell, the pulse frequency of a normal human is found to be 70 times min −1 . Reproduced with permission [184]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.…”