Assessment of nickel release from various dental appliances used routinely in pediatric dentistry

Kulkarni, Parimala; Agrawal, Suchi; Bansal, Amit; Jain, Ankur; Tiwari, Utkarsh; Anand, Ayushi

doi:10.4103/0975-962x.184649

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…66,No. 1 This is in accordance with the studies of Kulkarni et al (33) who assessed the Ni release over 4 weeks and asserted that the peaks around the 1day that decrease gradually afterwards, and Ramazani et al (52) who studied the Ni release over a month and asserted that the peak of ion level is on the 1day which declined to less than the half in the 7 day, and then reached zero in further intervals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Fig 1A. Each group was placed in a numbered sterilized closed glass container containing 50 ml of artificial saliva with a pH of 6.43 ± 0.26 ( fig 1B). The formula of artificial saliva was 0.8 g NaCl, 2.4 g KCl, 1.5 g NaH2PO4, 0.1 g Na2S, and 2 g CO[NH2]2), that stored in an incubator at 37°C for 4 weeks (33) . Any adjustment for the standard pH value is required, an increment of 1N sodium hydroxide or 1 N hydrochloric was added (34) .…”

Section: I-in-vitro Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solutions were replaced weekly during the study period (34) . The closed containers containing samples were placed in an incubator (Memert GmbH, Büchenbach, Germany) regulated at 37º C. All samples were shaken gently during the immersion, to get a uniform solution and to confirm bathing all samples in the artificial saliva (33) .…”

Section: I-in-vitro Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Beltagy

2020

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Background: The use of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in pediatric dentistry is widely used. Recently, there has been an increasing ecological and global public health concern associated with environmental contamination by metallic alloys. Aim of the study: To determine the in-vitro and in-vivo effect of multiple stainless steel crowns on the salivary pH, nickel and chromium levels at different periods. Materials and methods:This study consisted of: I-In-vitro study: A total of 200 standard sizes of SSCs were divided into 4 groups (10 samples/each). Each sample/group contained 2, 4, 6, and 8 SSCs, respectively. All SSCs were trimmed 1mm circumferentially, smoothed, re-contoured, fitted, and cemented on standard crowns of plastic teeth models. Each group was placed in a closed container containing artificial saliva with a standard pH. II-In-vivo study: A total of 40 patients indicated for SSC restorations were selected, aged 5-9 years. Similar to in-vitro, they were allocated into 4 groups according to the numbers of SSCs restorations used. 5ml of unstimulated saliva was taken for pH, nickel, and chromium analysis at 5-intervals: baseline, and 1day, 1week, 2weeks, 1month, and 2-months post-cementation. Data analysis: The mean and standard deviations, one way ANOVA, and the Person correlation coefficient were used. The level of significance was adopted at p≤0.05. Results: In both studies:The more the increase in the number of SSCs, the more the increase in acidity and release of ions. As regards pH value; within the groups at 5 intervals, there was only a significant difference in groups containing 8 SSCs and 6 SSCs, and between the intervals and the baseline (p≤0.05). The group that has 8 SSCs recorded the lowest pH value. Among groups: in-vitro: all groups showed a significant difference during 3-time intervals (p≤0.05) except at 2-months; the difference was not significant (p>0.05), while in-vivo, the difference was not significant (p>0.05). As regards the released ions: Within groups, both studies showed a significant difference among all intervals, and between the intervals and the baseline (p≤0.05). Among groups: In-vitro, all groups showed significant differences during the intervals (p≤0.05), while the only period showing no significant difference was at 2 months in the chromium group (p>0.05). The group that has 8 SSCs recorded the highest level and the difference was significant (p≤0.05). The peak level of the released ions and reduced pH value was at 1day and 1week for in-vitro and in-vivo study, respectively. Conclusion:The released nickel and chromium ions were directly proportional to the number of stainless steel crowns whereas the pH value was inversely proportional. The maximum level recorded was 1day and 1-week post-cementation for in-vitro and in-vivo study, respectively. The peak released of ions was much lower than the toxic level or the level of dietary intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: I-in-vitro Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Beltagy

2020

Egyptian Dental Journal

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“…Saliva is rich in chloride ions, and the presence of sodium chloride may result in pitting/corrosion of stainless-steel surfaces if they are scratched or nicked [44]. Similar results have been released by other researchers [45,46]. Morán-Martínez et al reported that a significant increase in Ni level was observable among urine samples collected over time [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Biological responses to pediatric stainless steel crowns

Zafar

Siddiqi

2020

J Oral Sci

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A systematic review was conducted to identify the biological responses, allergic reaction, hypersensitivity, toxicity, and ion release profile associated with pediatric stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in the existing literature. A systematic search was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients younger than 20 years of age with SSC placement on primary or permanent teeth and in vivo and in vitro exposure to SSCs. Outcomes measures included adverse oral/mucosal effects; removal/failure/replacement of the SSC; type of allergic reaction; nickel (Ni) or other ion levels in bodily fluids, cellular, genotoxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects related to the SSC. After an initial search of 764 studies in the database, 17 articles were included in the analysis. Evidence of allergic reactions to SSCs in children is limited and obtained from mostly low-quality research. Some studies showed that the amount of Ni detected was less than the amount ingested in the daily diet. In contrast, other studies reported a significantly higher release of Ni occurred into the saliva in acidic environments. There is some concern about the leaching of metal ions such as Ni from SSCs in children at high risk for caries. Further long-term studies are required to investigate this phenomenon.

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“…The contact surface of metals in this type of corrosion is very important. The weaker metal (anode) is corroded in this process [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Different Brands of Primary Molar Stainless-Steel Crowns: An In Vitro Study

Bamdadian

Pasdar

Alhavaz

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: There is some cases of perforation and undesirable properties of some primary molars stainless steel crowns. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the physical and mechanical properties of different commercial brands of these crowns. METHODS: In an in vitro study, a total of 10 stainless steel tooth crowns of the second primary mandibular molars size 6 of 4 different commercial brands (a total of 280 crowns) were evaluated. These crowns were included KTR Pre-trimmed and Crimped Nichro Stainless Steel Primary Molar Crowns (KTR, China); 3M Stainless Steel Primary Molar Crowns (ESPE, St paul; USA); NuSmile SSC Pre-contoured (Inc, Houstone, TX; USA) and Kids crown (Shinghung, Seoul; Korea). Corrosion and galvanic corrosion, wear, microhardness, compressive strength, fatigue strength of crowns and weight percent of elements were investigated. RESULTS: The highest rate of microhardness, compressive and Fatigue strength of the crowns were made by Nu Smile > 3M > Kids Crown > KTR respectively. The highest rate of corrosion potential in corrosion and Galvanic corrosion tests was in KTR > Kids crowns > 3M > Nu smile respectively. The order of crown wear was KTR > Kids Crown > 3M > Nu Smile respectively. The highest amount of nickel element was found in the Nu Smile crown and the highest amount of chrome in the 3M crown with a significant difference with others (p < 0.001). The KTR and Kids crowns lacked molybdenum. CONCLUSION: The results showed that Nu Smile crown has better physical and mechanical properties than other evaluated crowns in this study.

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Assessment of nickel release from various dental appliances used routinely in pediatric dentistry

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Biological responses to pediatric stainless steel crowns

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Different Brands of Primary Molar Stainless-Steel Crowns: An In Vitro Study

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