Assessment of Neurophysiologic and Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants in 5- and 6-Year-Old Children

Lead Exposure, IQ, and Behavior in Urban 5- to 7-Year-Olds: Does Lead Affect Behavior Only by Lowering IQ?

“…These other dimensions are important, because they may affect learning and school performance even in children with higher IQ. Older reports suggested associations between lead exposure and poorer classroom performance, 9 impaired educational attainment, 10,11 inattention and hyperactivity, 12,13 juvenile delinquency, 14 motor development, [15][16][17] or behavioral problems. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Lead was associated with externalizing (ie, aggression) and internalizing (ie, worry) problems in several studies using behavioral measures such as the Child Behavior Checklist.…”

Screening of school children for blood lead levels and attempts to reduce them by nonpharmacological means in a coastal city of India

“…The use of leadyoung children, have remained a public health problem for decades. [4] Today it rarely results in severe symptoms, but there is growing evidence that unwarranted exposure even with blood lead concentrations below those usually associated with symptoms can lead to poor classroom performance, [5] impaired educational performance, [6] inattention and hyperactivity, [7] juvenile delinquency, [8] impaired motor development, [9] behavioral problems, [10] and lower IQ levels. [11] Although the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has set a 'level of concern' at blood lead concentration of 10 µg/dL, a threshold below which lead has no toxic effects has not been demonstrated, and recent studies have extended the level to <10 µg/dL.…”