“…The mechanical stress increases when the cell is contracting under higher resistance or after overload induced damage/remodeling, which would be associated with pathological conditions such as hypertension ( Tello et al., 2019 ), pressure-overload ( Jashari et al., 2015 ), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) ( Chandar et al., 2010 ). The stress also increases when the cell is in a stiffer environment, which would be associated with fibrosis ( Naser et al., 2021 ; Neff and Bradshaw, 2021 ; Frangogiannis, 2021 ), infarction ( Villalba-Orero et al., 2021 ), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) ( Zile et al., 2015 ). Interestingly, the stress increases with the cell’s aspect ratio (length to width ratio).…”