Assessment of mycotoxin contamination in maize and wheat stored in silos using two sampling processes

Mallmann, Adriano Olnei; Oliveira, Maurício Schneider; Dilkin, Paulo; Vidal, J.K.; Meinerz, Gilmar Roberto; Almeida, Carlos; Mallmann, Carlos Augusto

doi:10.3920/wmj2018.2314

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An additional study found that FB1 levels ranged from 0.5 to 3.9 μg/kg of wheat and between 0.6 and 2.3 μg/kg of flour (Birck et al, 2003). There were 74% (24.91%) of wheat samples contaminated with DON from the southern region, and levels of toxins ranged from 603.2 to 850.4 μg/kg (Mallmann et al, 2003). Sulyok et al (2006) determined the detection limits of DON in wheat samples which ranged from 0.03 to 220 μg/kg.…”

Section: Wheat (Triticum Aesticum L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal mycotoxins in food commodities: present status and future concerns

Pandey

Samota

Kumar

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi when they colonies the foodstuffs. These are potent toxins having severe health consequences in people, being mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic. In agricultural commodities, the contamination of mycotoxins is more prevalent. Several fungi can produce mycotoxins on agricultural products during harvest or in postharvest, and they have significant adverse effects on both animal and human beings. The most prevalent mycotoxins found in food commodities are aflatoxins and ochratoxins produced by Aspergillus species, ochratoxins and patulin produced by Penicillium, as well as fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone produced by Fusarium species. Worldwide, fumonisins, patulin, aflatoxins, and ochratoxins, among others, are responsible for numerous acute and chronic diseases in people and domestic animals. In food commodities, mycotoxins have been quantified and detected using various analytical methods. Besides, mycotoxins occurrence in food commodities were decontaminated through many potential approaches, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods. This review summarizes the findings of 30 years of research into mycotoxins in major commercial food crops including wheat, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, peanut, oat, pulses, barley, oilseeds, rice, and fruits and fruit juices. We also discuss the detection methods of major mycotoxins, available decontamination strategies along with their disadvantages and knowledge gaps. It is anticipated that data from meticulous studies on mycotoxins in food commodities will help in the development of safer food and in setting priorities for future research.

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Section: Wheat (Triticum Aesticum L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal mycotoxins in food commodities: present status and future concerns

Pandey

Samota

Kumar

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…e use of vertical silos for cereal storage, sometimes equipped with temperature control and aeration, is a common practice for preserving grain quality and safety. However, even with the strictest control practices, stored cereals can present mycotoxin contamination [12]. In rice, there have been reports of the so-called eld mycotoxins such as those produced by Fusarium due to accumulation at significant levels before drying and storage [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Mycotoxin Contamination Levels in Rice and Dietary Exposure Assessment

Troestch

Reyes

Vega

2022

Journal of Toxicology

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The contamination by aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone of samples of paddy and polished rice stored in silos located in Chiriquí, Panama, was evaluated. A total of 23 samples were extracted using immunoaffinity columns and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) and post-column photochemical derivatization. For the method used, the detection limits were lower than 0.25 μg/Kg for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) and ochratoxin A and 9.35 μg/Kg for zearalenone; the limits of quantification were between 0.25 and 18.75 μg/Kg, respectively. Of the samples analyzed, all of the paddy rice samples were positive for at least one of the mycotoxins studied, zearalenone being the one found with the highest incidence (90.91%); for the polished rice samples, the mycotoxin with the highest incidence was zearalenone (50%), although in concentrations lower than those established in European legislation (100 μg/Kg). The estimate of the daily zearalenone intake according to the concentrations found was always less than 0.07 μg/Kg/bw. This is the first report on the determination of 6 mycotoxins in rice grains from Panama by the HPLC-FLD methodology. Considering the high incidence of mycotoxins in the analyzed rice samples, regular control in the production process is recommended to improve quality and ascertain its safety.

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“…Contamination of grains and seeds with mycotoxins occurs widely and affects cereals of economic and food importance such as wheat, which is a source of raw material for the production of various foodstuffs, fundamental in human diet. Triticum aestivum, known as common wheat, is the most widely planted species on the planet and the most common grain used for bread-making (Mallmann et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential use of lemongrass essential oil as fungicide against Aspergillus brasiliensis and as post-harvest protectant of wheat

Lee¹,

Martinazzo

Teodoro

et al. 2021

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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Fungi are among the main responsible for damage and loss in stored grains, its control has been done through synthetic substances, which are harmful to man and the environment. Brazil, one of the leading countries in agriculture, has optimal environmental conditions for the development of mycotoxigenic fungi. Most of the synthetic chemicals used as preservatives have often been realized to be toxic to humans and also cause adverse environmental effects. Thus, it is necessary to search for alternative methods of controlling. In this study the aimed was to evaluate the efficacy of lemongrass essential oil in the control of the Aspergillus brasiliensis. In vitro and serial microdilution tests were carried out at different concentrations of essential oil and citral, which corresponds to 72% of the total oil composition. Inhibition of fungal growth on contaminated wheat grain was evaluated. The in vitro test results showed that the essential oil has fungicidal potential at concentrations from 0.6 μL mL-1, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined at 0.8 μL mL-1. The tests with citral showed fungal control at concentrations from 0.6 μL mL-1 onwards. For wheat grain, fungal growth inhibition was obtained at the concentration of 1.6 μL mL-1. The essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus showed fungicidal activity against the fungus Aspergillus brasiliensis.

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Assessment of mycotoxin contamination in maize and wheat stored in silos using two sampling processes

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Fungal mycotoxins in food commodities: present status and future concerns

Fungal mycotoxins in food commodities: present status and future concerns

Determination of Mycotoxin Contamination Levels in Rice and Dietary Exposure Assessment

Potential use of lemongrass essential oil as fungicide against Aspergillus brasiliensis and as post-harvest protectant of wheat

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