“…Failure in pressure vessel and piping components (Moussa, Bell, & Tan, 1999;Murakami & Nasser, 1982) Collinear cracks and flat elliptical cracks Multiple site damage in aircraft structures (Gorbatikh & Kachanov, 2000;Jeong & Brewer, 1995;Jones, Peng, & Pitt, 2002;Milwater, 2010;Pitt, Jones, & Atluri, 1999) Multiple flaws and surface cracks Failure of nuclear power plant components (Kamaya, Miyokawa, & Kikuchi, 2010;Kobayashi & Kashima, 2000) Penny-shaped cracks Brittle fracture of welded structures in pressure vessels (Saha & Ganguly, 2005) Offset collinear and layered cracks…”