Assessment of Modern Water Consumption in the World and on Continents and Its Impact on the Annual River Runoff

Koronkevich, N. I.; Барабанова, Е. А.; Zaitseva, I. S.

doi:10.1134/s1019331622020034

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…Currently, approximately 75% of the world's water consumption is attributed to agricultural production 2 . However, around 35% of water is lost due to inefficiencies in irrigation system infrastructure or distribution 3 – 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, improve physiological aspects of common beans cultivated under three water regimes in field

Gonzalez-Porras,

Teixeira,

Prado

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Frequent droughts have led to an expansion of irrigated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation areas. An effective strategy to enhance water use efficiency and optimize crop growth is the application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K). However, the interaction between Si dosage, water regimes, and plant potassium status, as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms, remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of Si doses applied via fertigation under various water regimes, in the presence and absence of potassium fertilization, on gas exchange, water use efficiency, and growth of Common beans in field conditions. Two experiments were conducted, one with and one without K supply, considering that the potassium content in the soil was 6.4 mmolc dm-3 in both experiments and a replacement dose of 50 kg ha was applied in the with K treatment, with the same treatments evaluated in both potassium conditions. The treatments comprised a 3 × 4 factorial design, encompassing three water regimes: 80% (no deficit), 60% (moderate water deficit), and 40% (severe water deficit) of soil water retention capacity, and four doses of Si supplied via fertigation: 0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha−1. Where it was evaluated, content of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence of photosynthesis, relative water content, leaf water potential and electrolyte extravasation, dry mass of leaves, stems and total. The optimal doses of Si for fertigation application, leading to increased Si absorption in plants, varied with decreasing soil water content. The respective values were 6.6, 7.0, and 7.1 kg ha−1 for the water regimes without deficit, with moderate water deficit, and with severe water deficit. Fertigation application of Si improved plant performance, particularly under severe water deficit, regardless of potassium status. This improvement was evident in relative water content, leaf water potential, and membrane resistance, directly impacting pigment content and gas exchange rates. The physiological effects resulted in enhanced photosynthesis in water-deficient plants, mitigating dry mass production losses. This research demonstrates, for the first time in common bean, the potential of Si to enhance irrigation efficiency in areas limited by low precipitation and water scarcity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, improve physiological aspects of common beans cultivated under three water regimes in field

Gonzalez-Porras,

Teixeira,

Prado

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies

Potyka,

Dalibard,

Tovar

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources.

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Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, modulates plant water content, gas exchange, and growth of common beans cultivated in the field under different soil water levels

Gonzalez-Porras,

Teixeira,

Prado

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Frequent droughts have led to an expansion of irrigated common bean cultivation areas. An effective strategy to enhance water use efficiency and optimize crop growth is the application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K). However, the interaction between Si dosage, water regimes, and plant potassium status, as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms, remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of Si doses applied via fertigation under various water regimes, in the presence and absence of potassium fertilization, on gas exchange, water use efficiency, and growth of bean crops in field conditions. Two experiments were conducted, one with and one without K supply, with the same treatments evaluated in both experiments. The treatments comprised a 3x4 factorial design, encompassing three water regimes: 80% (no deficit), 60% (moderate water deficit), and 40% (severe water deficit) of soil water retention capacity, and four doses of Si supplied via fertigation: 0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha− 1. The optimal doses of Si for fertigation application, leading to increased Si absorption in plants, varied with decreasing soil water content. The respective values were 6.6, 7.0, and 7.1 kg ha− 1 for the water regimes without deficit, with moderate water deficit, and with severe water deficit. Fertigation application of Si improved plant conditions, particularly under severe water deficit, regardless of potassium status. This improvement was evident in relative water content, leaf water potential, and membrane resistance, directly impacting pigment content and gas exchange rates. The physiological effects resulted in enhanced photosynthesis in water-deficient plants, mitigating dry mass production losses. This research demonstrates, for the first time in this species, the potential use of Si in irrigated crops to enhance irrigation efficiency in areas limited by low precipitation and water scarcity. Given the global implications of climate change and the increased frequency of droughts, these findings are significant.

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Assessment of Modern Water Consumption in the World and on Continents and Its Impact on the Annual River Runoff

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, improve physiological aspects of common beans cultivated under three water regimes in field

Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, improve physiological aspects of common beans cultivated under three water regimes in field

Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies

Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, modulates plant water content, gas exchange, and growth of common beans cultivated in the field under different soil water levels

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