Assessment of microbial risk factors and impact of meteorological conditions during production of baby spinach in the Southeast of Spain

Castro-Ibáñez, Irene; Gil, María I.; Tudela, Juan A.; Ivanek, Renata; Allende, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2015.02.004

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Possible sources of contamination could be as a result of dirt, animal droppings and/or run‐off water (Chidamba & Korsten, 2015; Gemmell & Schmidt, ; Pachepsky et al, 2011). The commercial farms visited in this study used overhead irrigation, thereby increasing the probability of direct water‐crop contact and potential contamination of produce (Castro‐Ibanez, Gil, Tudela, Ivanek, & Allende, ). Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainfall events increase concentrations of pathogens and indicator organisms in rivers, and reservoirs owing to surface run‐off (Pachepsky et al, ). The use of poor microbiological quality irrigation water further increases the risk of contaminating irrigated produce (Aijuka, Charimba, Hugo, & Buys, ) especially when using overhead irrigation (Castro‐Ibanez et al, ). A previous study indicated the potential effect of contaminated irrigation water on preharvest vegetables (Ijabadeniyi et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems

Jongman

Korsten

2016

Journal of Food Safety

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Foodborne disease outbreaks associated with fresh produce irrigated with contaminated water are a constant threat to consumer health. In this study, the impact of irrigation water on product safety from different food production systems (commercial to small‐scale faming and homestead gardens) was assessed. Hygiene indicators (total coliforms, Escherichia coli), and selected foodborne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) of water and leafy green vegetables were analyzed. Microbiological parameters of all irrigation water (except borehole) exceeded maximum limits set by the Department of Water Affairs for safe irrigation water. Microbial parameters for leafy greens ranged from 2.94 to 4.31 log CFU/g (aerobic plate counts) and 1 to 5.27 log MPN/100g (total coliforms and E. coli). Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in all samples tested but L. monocytogenes was present in irrigation water (commercial and small‐scale farm, and homestead gardens). This study highlights the potential riskiness of using polluted water for crop production in different agricultural settings. Practical applications These results show that the microbial quality of surface water is deteriorating in different agricultural settings. This may be a possible preharvest source of contamination of leafy green vegetables, which may then constitute a health risk to consumers. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes along the food supply chain is a potential health risk if the pathogen proliferates leading to high quantities suitable for onset of listeriosis. The absence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the samples tested is an encouraging result. Food safety protocols should be extended to the informal sectors and homestead gardens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems

Jongman

Korsten

2016

Journal of Food Safety

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“…Numerous studies have examined the relationship between environmental factors and the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and L. monocytogenes surrogates (e.g., Listeria spp.) (19,20) in produce production environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Factors Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Spinach Fields in New York State

Weller

Wiedmann

Strawn

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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While rain and irrigation events have been associated with an increased prevalence of foodborne pathogens in produce production environments, quantitative data are needed to determine the effects of various spatial and temporal factors on the risk of produce contamination following these events. This study was performed to quantify these effects and to determine the impact of rain and irrigation events on the detection frequency and diversity of Listeria species (including L. monocytogenes) and L. monocytogenes in produce fields. Two spinach fields, with high and low predicted risks of L. monocytogenes isolation, were sampled 24, 48, 72, and 144 to 192 h following irrigation and rain events. Predicted risk was a function of the field's proximity to water and roads. Factors were evaluated for their association with Listeria species and L. monocytogenes isolation by using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). In total, 1,492 (1,092 soil, 334 leaf, 14 fecal, and 52 water) samples were collected. According to the GLMM, the likelihood of Listeria species and L. monocytogenes isolation from soil samples was highest during the 24 h immediately following an event (odds ratios [ORs] of 7.7 and 25, respectively). Additionally, Listeria species and L. monocytogenes isolates associated with irrigation events showed significantly lower sigB allele type diversity than did isolates associated with precipitation events (P ‫؍‬ <0.001), suggesting that irrigation water may be a point source of L. monocytogenes contamination. Small changes in management practices (e.g., not irrigating fields before harvest) may therefore reduce the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination of fresh produce. Foodborne outbreaks have been increasingly linked to fresh produce in the United States (1-6). In fact, the proportion of foodborne outbreaks that were attributed to produce between 1998 and 2008, 46%, was over twice that attributed to meat, 22% (6). Similarly, between 2002 and 2011, produce-associated outbreaks caused, on average, more illnesses per outbreak than any other food (1). As a result, the safety of fresh produce has come into question, negatively affecting produce growers, the food industry, and local economies (7,8). For example, as a consequence of a 2011 listeriosis outbreak linked to fresh cantaloupes in the United States (9), cantaloupe consumption dropped nationwide by 53% (10). The instability of the cantaloupe market following the 2011 outbreak is indicative of a larger trend of wide-scale consumer avoidance of products associated with outbreaks, even when the outbreak is associated with point source events (7,8). Thus, prevention of produce-associated outbreaks is a key concern of the produce industry. Although most listeriosis outbreaks associated with fresh produce are traced back to processing environments, the prevention of produce contamination in production environments is crucial. In fact, previous studies have shown that low-level sporadic contamination of produce in production environments can result in pathogen pr...

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“…Muchos trabajos de investigación identifican al abono a base de estiércol como la principal fuente de contaminación en el campo, seguido por agua de riego no tratada (Aruscavage et al, 2006;Castro-Ibáñez et al, 2015;Ceuppens et al, 2015;de Quadros et al, 2014;Erickson et al, 2010;Oliveira et al, 2012). El estiércol utilizado como abono orgánico puede aumentar significativamente los niveles de coliformes totales, así como de E. coli (de Quadros et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2006).…”

Section: Fuentes De Contaminaciónunclassified

Interacciones entre Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Plantas Comestibles. ¿Se han Desarrollado Mecanismos de Internalización Bacteriana?

Torres-Aguilar

Manjarrez-DomÃnguez

Acosta-MuÃ±iz

et al. 2015

RMF

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Abstract. Despite efforts to prevent microbial contamination, the occurrence of human pathogens in fresh fruit and vegetable is quite common. It is now known that E. coli O157:H7 can inhabit food plants passively. Here, we review the literature on phylloplane adhesion, survival and internalization of this bacterium, as well as some of the interaction mechanisms between it and the food plant, and other Resumen. La presencia de bacterias patógenas en frutas y hortalizas es muy común a pesar de los grandes esfuerzos realizados para prevenir la contaminación microbiologica. En la actualidad, se sabe (o se conoce) que E. coli O157:H7 puede colonizar de forma pasiva plantas comestibles. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de literatura sobre E. coli y su adhesión al filoplano, supervivencia e internalización, así como mecanismos de interacción bacteria -planta. Una vez, que este patógeno, se adhiere a la superficie de la planta, puede introducirse al tejido, para después movilizarse y multiplicarse. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de los mecanismos de interacción entre el tejido vegetal y E. coli O157:H7. Se considera que este patógeno ha mejorado su competencia ecológica en plantas comestibles, sin perder su virulencia para el ser hu- Interactions between

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Assessment of microbial risk factors and impact of meteorological conditions during production of baby spinach in the Southeast of Spain

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems

Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems

Spatial and Temporal Factors Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Spinach Fields in New York State

Interacciones entre Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Plantas Comestibles. ¿Se han Desarrollado Mecanismos de Internalización Bacteriana?

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