Assessment of Medication Dispensing and Extended Community Pharmacy Services

Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00018-2

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…However, the clinical training of pharmacists is not advanced, and the activities that represent the usual practice of pharmacists are still executed, in most cases, without direct interaction with the patient [46,47]. Yet, the education of Pakistani pharmacists has endured principal changes in recent years with respect to a professional focus on learning clinical skills.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Hussain

Sial

Usman

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Patient satisfaction can identify specific areas of improvement in public sector hospitals. However, the Pakistani healthcare system, and quality of service delivery is rarely assessed through the perspective of patient satisfaction. Our study demonstrated the performance of public healthcare systems in Pakistan by interacting with physical services (tangible and environmental), doctor–patient communication, and pharmacy and laboratory services based on patient satisfaction. Primary data were collected from the patients by using a random sampling method. Patients who participated in the study were visitors of public hospitals’ outpatient departments. A total of 554 questionnaires were circulated, and 445 were received. The confirmatory factor and multiple regression analyses were employed to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that laboratory, as well pharmacy services, had positive significant effects (p = 0.000) on patient satisfaction, while doctor–patient communication (p = 0.189) and physical facilities (p = 0.85) had an insignificant relationship with patient satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that a significant communication gap exists in the doctor–patient setting, and that Pakistan’s healthcare system is deprived of physical facilities. Consequently, such services need further improvements.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Hussain

Sial

Usman

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Community pharmacists (CPs) are the most accessible healthcare professionals available to the public without an appointment and a consultation fee. Community pharmacies are often the first place most people visit to receive health information and medical support [ 1 , 2 ]. CPs deals with and meeting the demands of different strata of society and hence are in a powerful position to handle people with mild symptoms requiring over-the-counter (OTC) medications in addition to chronically ill patients [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for extended community pharmacy services in United Arab Emirates: perception, practice, perceived barriers and willingness among community pharmacists

Palaian

Alomar

Hassan

et al. 2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Community pharmacies are widely distributed in the United Arab Emirates where community pharmacists’ (CPs’) perspectives on provision of extended community pharmacy services (ECPS) is not known. This study assessed CPs perception, practices, perceived barriers and willingness to provide ECPS. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey using a self-administered Likert-type questionnaire (Cronbach alpha = 0.976) was conducted among 195 community CPs in Northern emirates, selected through multistage sampling technique. The filled questionnaires were assessed for CPs’ perception, practice, perceived barriers and willingness to perform ECPS. Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests examined the association between demography and outcome variables (alpha value of 0.05) with further analysis using Dunn’ post hoc test. Results Of the respondents, 71.8% (n = 140) ‘strongly agreed’ that every CP must provide ECPs and 39% (n = 76) ‘strongly agreed’ in supporting ECPS with another 44.1% (n = 86) ‘agreed’ on the same. The major barriers felt by CPs in practicing ECPS were lack of incentive for employee pharmacists [3 (2–3)], lack of documentation [3 (2–3)], insufficient time [3 (2–3)] and lack of patients’ demand [(2–3)]; maximum score (5–5). CPs also responded ‘completely’ willing to provide services such as blood pressure measurement, pregnancy testing and BMI measurement. Pharmacy location influenced practice score (p = 0.008) and access to the internet had a significant effect on barriers score (p = 0.000). Availability of drug information sources impacted perception (p = 0.038), practice (p = 0.000) and willingness scores (p = 0.011). Conclusions CPs’ perception on providing ECPS was positive and they are currently offering ECPS within their available resources and facilities. Less demand from patients and lack of time were reportedly the major barriers in offering ECPS. Proper utilization of CPs in providing ECPS can complement the healthcare system with additional cost and time savings for the patients.

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“…Supervision of private drug sellers is important in assuring quality of treatment since they play an important service delivery role in low income countries, such as Uganda [1,2]. This role encompasses the treatment of children less than ve years of age, with uncomplicated malaria, pneumonia symptoms and non-bloody diarrhoea through strategies such as the integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illnesses [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer supervision experiences of drug sellers in a rural district in East-Central Uganda: a qualitative study

Bagonza

Wamani

Peterson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Support supervision improves performance outcomes among health workers. However, the national professional guidelines for new licenses and renewal for class C drug shops in Uganda prescribe self-supervision of licensed private drug sellers. As such, inappropriate treatment of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea among children under five years of age continues unabated. This study assessed experiences of drug sellers and peer supervisors at the end of a peer supervision intervention in Luuka district in East Central Uganda. Methods Eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) were held with peer supervisors while five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among registered drug sellers at the end of the peer supervision intervention. The study assessed experiences and challenges of peer supervisors and drug sellers regarding peer supervision. Transcripts were imported into Atlas ti 7 qualitative data management software (ATLAS.ti GmbH, Berlin) where they were analysed using qualitative thematic content analysis. Results Initially, peer supervisors were disliked and regarded as another extension of drug inspectors by drug sellers. However, with time a good relationship was established between drug sellers and peer supervisors leading to regular, predictable and supportive peer supervision. This increased confidence of drug sellers in using respiratory timers and rapid diagnostic tests in diagnosing pneumonia symptoms and uncomplicated malaria respectively among children under five years. There was also an improvement in completing the sick child register which was used for self-assessment by drug sellers. The drug shop association was mentioned as a place where peer supervision should be anchored since it was a one-stop center for sharing experiences and continuous professional development. Drug sellers proposed including community health workers in monthly drug shop association meetings so that they may also gain from the associated benefits. Untimely completion of the sick child registers by drug sellers and lack of adequate resources were the main peer supervision challenges mentioned. Conclusion Drug sellers benefitted from peer supervision by developing a good relationship with peer supervisors. This relationship guaranteed reliable and predictable supervision ultimately leading to improved treatment practices. There is need to explore the bare minimum resources needed for peer supervision.

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Assessment of Medication Dispensing and Extended Community Pharmacy Services

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Opportunities for extended community pharmacy services in United Arab Emirates: perception, practice, perceived barriers and willingness among community pharmacists

Peer supervision experiences of drug sellers in a rural district in East-Central Uganda: a qualitative study

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