Assessment of Mechanical/Chemical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Containing Sr/F-Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles and Methacrylate Functionalized Polyacids

Abstract

This study prepared low-toxicity, elemental-releasing resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The effect of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, 0 or 5 wt%) and Sr/F-bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr/F-BGNPs, 5 or 10 wt%) on chemical/mechanical properties and cytotoxicity were examined. Commercial RMGIC (Vitrebond, VB) and calcium silicate cement (Theracal LC, TC) were used as comparisons. Adding HEMA and increasing Sr/F-BGNPs concentration decreased monomer conversion and enhanced elemental release but without significant effect on cytotoxicity. Rising Sr/F-BGNPs reduced the strength of the materials. The degree of monomer conversion of VB (96%) was much higher than that of the experimental RMGICs (21–51%) and TC (28%). The highest biaxial flexural strength of experimental materials (31 MPa) was significantly lower than VB (46 MPa) (p < 0.01) but higher than TC (24 MPa). The RMGICs with 5 wt% HEMA showed higher cumulative fluoride release (137 ppm) than VB (88 ppm) (p < 0.01). Unlike VB, all experimental RMGICs showed Ca, P, and Sr release. Cell viability in the presence of extracts from experimental RMGICs (89–98%) and TC (93%) was significantly higher than for VB (4%). Experimental RMGICs showed desirable physical/mechanical properties with lower toxicity than the commercial material.

Modifications of polyalkenoic acid and its effect on glass ionomer cement

“…However, RMGIC has shown an increase in polymeric shrinkage, microleakage, low wear resistance and unstable colour. [22][23][24] Giomers show higher optical properties than RMGIC. 25 Giomers contain pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers in the resin matrix.…”

An in vitro assessment of biaxial flexural strength, degree of monomer conversion, color stability, and ion release in provisional restorations containing Sr-bioactive glass nanoparticles

“…It was demonstrated that the composites containing bioactive glass enhanced the precipitation of calcium phosphates to a demineralized dentin [ 15 ]. Furthermore, the release of ions or particles could inhibit the growth of pathogenic oral microorganisms without causing serious cytotoxic effects [ 16–18 ]. However, the addition of the bioactive glass at high concentration demonstrated the negative effects on the mechanical and physical properties of the materials [ 19 ].…”