Assessment of Long-Term Physicochemical Water Quality Variations by PCA Technique in Lake Hwajinpo, South Korea

Abstract

Physicochemical properties of water were analyzed to assess the long-term water quality variations in Lake Hwajinpo, Korea. Water quality data monitored from 1998 to 2015 was divided in three periods and descriptive statistics, correlation and rotated components were deducted using statistical procedures. Based on the results of analyses, water quality patterns in three periods (1998-2003, 2004-2009 and 2013-2015) were distinguishable from each other. Water parameters, Chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and pH, showed the highest mean values in the first period. On the other hand, conductivity and salinity in the second period and temperature and suspended solids in the third period showed the highest mean values. Principal component analysis (PCA) procedure was utilized to deduct the most significant parameters influencing water quality and observed that each period had different pattern of variables. Salinity and conductivity were the two variables highly contributing in first component/factor (F1) explaining 20.77% and 22.93% of the total variance in the first period and second period, respectively. But total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were the two variables highly loading in F1 of the third period explaining 23.72% of total variance. These results revealed that the water quality of Lake Hwajinpo had different patterns of variations throughout the study period. Thus, PCA results could be valuable to understand the water quality status of water body and take proper steps to protect the water environment.

Abundancia de la salamandra Ambystoma andersoni con relación a la dinámica estacional y heterogeneidad espacial en el lago de Zacapu, Michoacán, México

“…Variables en negritas representan diferencias significativas. Ramírez et al, 2007;Bhattrai et al, 2017;Margalef, 1983;Roselli et al, 2009). Con base en nuestros resultados, se obtuvo una diferencia significativa en la temperatura entre zonas en la época de lluvias y se obtuvo una mayor abundancia de machos en todos los sitios; ésto sugiere que los machos son los primeros en migrar a sitios de reproducción en respuesta a la disminución de la temperatura (Sexton et al, 1990).…”

Spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical water quality parameters of Lake Bunyonyi, Southwestern Uganda

“…The correlation analysis revealed that temperature was positively correlated with DO, EC, SRP, NH 3 -N, NO 2 -N and NO 3 -N. The reported significant negative correlation between temperature and NO 3 -N concentration values has been reported by Kangabam et al [16] in Loktak Lake, India. Likewise, Bhattrai et al [7] reported that DO was significantly negatively correlated with water temperature while positively correlated with turbidity, pH level, TP and TN of Lake Hwajinpo of South Korea. The results of significant correlation between surface water temperature and DO differed slightly from that of Ali and Khairy [3] who reported an increase in DO levels the period when surface water temperatures were lower due to gas solubility, which increases when temperatures and metabolic activity of organisms are low and the decreased, respectively.…”

Grain size distribution and chemistry of the brackish Lake sediment in Korea

“…In conclusion, Lake Youngrang contains horizontal bottom sediment with low δ 13 C and high δ 15 N values influenced by autochthonous organic material derived from primary production, and is likely affected by N inputs from sources such as waste water and agricultural runoff. In contrast, high δ C and low δ 15 N values in Lake Hwajinpo are likely influenced by the fact that cyanobacteria (Anabaena spp.)…”

“…Among the 57 natural lakes in this region of them are marine origin natural lakes which were formed by sand dunes due to the ocean water currents [14,15]. There are 12 lagoons on the east coast of Korea, including Kyeongpo, Hyang, Mae, Chungcho, Youngrang, Songji, and Hwajinpo lakes.…”