Assessment of living conditions in wild boars by analysis of oxidative stress markers

Esposito, Luigi; Tafuri, Simona; Cocchia, N; Fasanelli, Roberto; Piscopo, Nadia; Lamagna, Barbara; Eguren, V.G.; Amici, A.; Iorio, Eugenio Luigi; Ciani, Francesca

doi:10.1080/10888705.2020.1790365

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There are several pathogens described as responsible for reduced fertility, which can be caused by a variety of conditions, including stress, environmental variables [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a primary pathogen responsible for SMEDI (Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic Death, and Infertility), and its spread has been described in both domestic and wild pigs [ 6 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of selected pathogens in reproductive tissues of wild boars in the Campania region, southern Italy

Ferrara,

Piscopo,

Pagnini

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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Monitoring disease among wildlife is critical to preserving health in both domestic animals and wildlife, and it becomes much more critical when the diseases cause significant economic damage to the livestock industry or threaten public health. Given the continuous increase in populations and its role as a reservoir for several infections, wild boar (Sus scrofa) requires special attention regarding disease surveillance and monitoring. In this study, we investigated the molecular prevalence of selected pathogens in the wild boar population of Campania, southern Italy. The prevalence of pathogens causing reproductive problems in pigs (Sus domesticus), including porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 (PCV-2 and PCV-3), pseudorabies virus (PRV), Coxiella burnetii, and Brucella suis, was evaluated by testing the reproductive organs collected from 63 wild boars with polymerase chain reaction. The most common pathogens were PPV (44.4%) and two porcine circoviruses (14.3%). PRV and C. burnetii, on the other hand, showed a significantly lower prevalence (1.6%). No reproductive organs tested were positive for B. suis. Risk factor analysis revealed a correlation between age and PCV-2 positivity, with animals less than 12 months old having significantly higher prevalence rates.Our findings suggest that wild boars hunted in the Campania region harbour several infections potentially transmissible to other mammals’ reproductive tracts. Furthermore, our results emphasized the importance of strict adherence to biosecurity protocols on domestic swine farms, especially on free-range farms, to avoid interactions between domestic and wild animals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of selected pathogens in reproductive tissues of wild boars in the Campania region, southern Italy

Ferrara,

Piscopo,

Pagnini

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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“…Although the ZEN+ contaminated organs were positively associated with damages and oxidative imbalance, this condition is not necessarily related to the biological effects of the ZEN alone contamination via poisoned food. In fact, the toxicity of mycotoxins should be addressed in the context of their mixture, and the mild fibrosis detected, as well as inflammation found in very few samples out of the total, could also be due to other environmental factors related to the wildlife [ 50 , 51 ]. Since wild boars inhabit wide open areas, it is impossible to estimate how much ZEN and/or other environmental pollutants they consume daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Status and Histological Evaluation of Wild Boars’ Tissues Positive for Zearalenone Contamination in the Campania Region, Southern Italy

Damiano,

Longobardi,

Ferrara

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium spp. and commonly found in feed and food. It is frequently related to reproductive disorders in farm animals and, occasionally, to hyperestrogenic syndromes in humans. Nowadays, knowledge about ZEN effects on wild boars (Sus scrofa) is extremely scarce, despite the fact that they represent one of the most hunted game species in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate how ZEN affects the liver, kidney, and muscle oxidative status and morphology of wild boars hunted in various locations throughout the province of Avellino, Campania Region, Southern Italy, during the 2021–2022 hunting season. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were assessed by colorimetric assays; tissue morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s stains. Our data showed that ZEN contamination might result in oxidative stress (OS) and some histopathological alterations in wild boars’ livers and kidneys rather than in muscles, emphasizing the importance of developing a wildlife monitoring and management strategy for dealing not only with the problem of ZEN but the surveillance of mycotoxins in general.

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“…There are several studies on the stressogenic factors affecting different animal species. Cortisol has been used in domestic [5][6][7] and wild [8,9] animals to measure stress levels and to evaluate the relative state of well-being/discomfort in relation to different environmental stimuli Sensors 2024, 24, 1164 2 of 9 or the different farming and transport conditions of the animals. In recent years, due to the well-established phenomenon of climate change, data relating to meteorological and climatic conditions have been analyzed by studying the influence that heat stress can causes on animal reproduction, production performance and animal welfare [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Climate Effects on the Physiological Parameters of Dairy Livestock (Cow vs. Buffalo)

Piscopo,

Matera,

Cotticelli

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Nowadays climate change is affecting the planet’s biodiversity, and livestock practices must adapt themselves to improve production without affecting animal welfare. This work investigates the influence that some climatic parameters such as Environment Temperature, Relative Humidity, Thermal excursion and Temperature–Humidity Index (THI), can have on milk quantity and quality in two different dairy species (buffaloes and cows) raised on the same farm. A further aim was to understand if THI threshold used for cows could also be used for buffaloes. The climatic parameters were recorded daily through a meteorological station located inside the farm. Milk quantity (converted into ECM) and quality (Fat Percentage—FP; Protein Percentage—PP; Somatic Cell Count—SCC) were measured. Data were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation index, separately for buffaloes and cows. The results indicate a greater sensitivity of cows to heat stress and a strong negative correlation of the ECM with meteorological data (p < 0.01). The results of this study may stimulate the use of integrated technologies (sensors, software) in the dairy sector, since the IoT (sensors, software) helps to enhance animal well-being and to optimize process costs, with a precision livestock farming approach.

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Assessment of living conditions in wild boars by analysis of oxidative stress markers

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Detection of selected pathogens in reproductive tissues of wild boars in the Campania region, southern Italy

Detection of selected pathogens in reproductive tissues of wild boars in the Campania region, southern Italy

Oxidative Status and Histological Evaluation of Wild Boars’ Tissues Positive for Zearalenone Contamination in the Campania Region, Southern Italy

Investigation of Climate Effects on the Physiological Parameters of Dairy Livestock (Cow vs. Buffalo)

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