Assessment of Lippia origanoides Essential Oils in a Salmonella typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model to Induce Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

The objective of the present research was to evaluate dietary supplementation of essential oils from Lippia origanoides (LEO) on necrotic enteritis (NE). Chickens were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1: negative control; Group 2: positive control challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (day 1), Eimeria maxima (day 18), and C. perfringens (CP, days 22-23); Group 3: dietary supplementation LEO and challenged. On d 25 of age, serum samples were collected to evaluate fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Group 3 showed a significant reduction of the harmful effects of induced infection/dysbiosis and a significant reduction in NE lesion scores, morbidity and mortality compared with the positive challenge control group (p < 0.05) compared with Group 2. Digested feed supernatant, supplemented with LEO and inoculated with CP, reduced CP burden (p < 0.05). Group 3 also exhibited a significant reduction in FITC-d, IFN-γ and IgA compared with Group 2. However, a significant increase SOD was observed in Group 3 compared with both control groups. Further investigation to compare the effect of LEO and the standard treatment of clostridial NE is required.

Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: disease characteristics and prevention using organic antibiotic alternatives – a comprehensive review

“…Significantly reduces FITC-d, IFN-γ and IgA. Coles et al, 2021 Essential oil mixture (25% thymol and 25% carvacrol) 120 mg/kg 0.1 mL of 1.0 × 10 8 CFU/mL from day 14 to d 20 orally Decreases the mortality, reduces the gut lesions and the liver enterobacteriaceae carriage. Increases the villus height of the ileum.…”

Essential Oils as an Alternative to Antibiotics to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Short Review

“…The incidence of Clostridial-related diseases, including NE, increased with implementation of AGP bans [93]. In an antibiotic-limited or antibiotic-free era, natural alternatives to optimize intestinal health and improve animal wellbeing and perfor- Direct-fed microbials [97], prebiotics [98] [99] [100], organic acids [101], plant extracts [102], essential oils [1] [103], and trace minerals [104] can help to improve intestinal microbial balance, metabolism, and gut integrity. Phytogenics have remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and barrier integrity-enhancing assets.…”

“…Over the last few hundred years, humans have influenced the evolution of multiple animal species and different ecosystems involved in animal production [1]. This approach has led to the genetic change of domestic animals and has undoubtedly been driven by agriculture.…”

Bacillus subtilis HW2 enhances growth performance and alleviates gut injury via attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation of gut microbiota in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

“…Necrotic enteritis is a common intestinal bacterial disease in broilers, which is mainly caused by the conditional pathogenic bacteria Clostridium perfringens ( Mehdizadeh et al, 2021 ) and often associated with one or more factors such as Eimeria and high-protein fish meal ( Rajput et al, 2020 ; Khan et al, 2021 ). Necrotic enteritis causes intestinal injury, leading to decreased growth performance and elevated mortality in broilers ( Coles et al, 2021 ). The onset of necrotic enteritis is closely linked to a shift in the gut microbiota ( Stanley et al, 2012 ; Antonissen et al, 2016 ).…”