Assessment of Laser Effects on Skin Rejuvenation

Abstract

Laser skin resurfacing has changed the approach of facial skin rejuvenation over the past decade. This article evaluates the laser effects on skin rejuvenation by the assessment of laser characteristics and histological and molecular changes, accompanied by the expression of proteins during and after laser-assisted rejuvenation of skin. It is important to note that different layers of skin with different cells are normally exposed to the sun’s UV radiation which is the most likely factor in aging and damaging healthy skin. To identify the expression of proteins, using validated databases and reviewing existing data could reveal altered proteins which could be analyzed and mapped to investigate their expression and their different effects on cell biological responses. In this regard, proteomics data can be used for better investigation of the changes in the proteomic profile of the treated skin. Different assessments have revealed the survival and activation of fibroblasts and new keratinocytes with an increase of collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis and the reduction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) as a result of different lowpower laser therapies of skin. There are a wide range of biological effects associated with laser application in skin rejuvenation; therefore, more safety considerations should be regarded in the application of lasers in skin rejuvenation.

The effect of Q‐switched 1064‐nm Nd: YAG laser on skin barrier and collagen synthesis via miR‐663a to regulate TGFβ1/smad3/p38MAPK pathway

“…Later, it was discovered that 1064-QSNYL can cause inflammation in the damaged local area, thereby starting the tissue self-repair process, inducing the degeneration of dermal collagen, stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts, increasing collagen regeneration, and increasing skin water content to achieve the effect of skin rejuvenation. [21][22][23] the senescence of epidermal keratinocytes by inhibiting the expression of SATB1. 24 Li et al 25 shown that lncRNA RP11-670E13.6…”

“…Goldberg first used 1064‐QSNYL for wrinkle removal in 1997, and proposed the concept of "laser nondamage skin rejuvenation technology" for the first time. Later, it was discovered that 1064‐QSNYL can cause inflammation in the damaged local area, thereby starting the tissue self‐repair process, inducing the degeneration of dermal collagen, stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts, increasing collagen regeneration, and increasing skin water content to achieve the effect of skin rejuvenation 21‐23 . 1064‐QSNYL has fully demonstrated its effectiveness and advantages in the treatment of skin aging.…”

1540‐nm fractional erbium: Glass laser is a safe and effective modality for nonablative facial rejuvenation

“…Various treatment modalities are of current use for facial rejuvenation purpose, as previously discussed 3–10 . Fractional nonablative lasers are considered safer modalities compared to the ablative ones as they demonstrate a lower pain levels, better side effect profile and a shorter downtime 10–16,24 …”

“…Energy‐based devices such as: intense pulsed light (IPL), radiofrequency, and lasers are of growing use for this purpose in recent years 7–9 . The ablative lasers (the 10 600‐nm CO 2 laser and the 2940‐nm Erbium:YAG laser) are of more common use; however, they are associated with significant adverse effects (dyspigmentation, edema, and erythema), risk for infections, and significant postprocedure downtime 10–17 . Nonablative lasers with a much shorter postprocedure downtime have heterogeneous efficacy in the treatment of facial rhytids and skin rejuvenation 10–17 …”

“…This allows minimal epidermal damage, resulting in fewer adverse effects, as well as a shorter overall postprocedure downtime 17–21 . While ablative fractional lasers have shorter downtime and a better safety profile than the "classic" nonfractional ablative lasers, they still have considerable adverse effects, such as: erythema, edema, risk for infections, and scarring 10–16,24 . Fractional treatments with the 1540‐nm Erbium:glass laser have previously shown to induce collagen production and stimulate dermal remodeling, explaining its positive effect in treating facial acne scars, skin rejuvenation, striae distensae, and more 17–24 .…”