Assessment of Kindergarten Immunization Rates in Colorado: School Self-Reports vs. Health Department Audits, 2004–2005

Stanwyck, Carol A.; Davila, Jill C.; Wake, Lane; Koshak, Marianne

doi:10.1177/003335490712200406

Cited by 4 publications

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“…State-based school surveys have been conducted regularly to assess vaccination coverage at school entry as well as the percentage of school-entry children whose parents take an exemption from the mandatory state immunization requirements. [138][139][140][141] Also, state-based Immunization Information Systems, also known as immunization registries, [142][143][144][145][146] are used to assess childhood vaccination coverage within states.…”

Section: Local Area Approaches For Assessing Vaccination Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of Historical Events Leading to National Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage in the United States

2011

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The articles published in this special supplement of Public Health Reports provide examples of only some of the current efforts in the United States for evaluating vaccination coverage. So, how did we get here? The history of vaccination and assessment of vaccination coverage in the U.S. has its roots in the pre-Revolutionary War era. In many cases, development of vaccines, and attention devoted to the assessment of vaccination coverage, has grown from the impact of infectious disease on major world events such as wars. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a brief overview of the key historical events in the U.S. that influenced the development of vaccines and the efforts to track vaccination coverage, which laid the foundation for contemporary vaccination assessment efforts. HISTORICAL EVENTS INFLUENCING VACCINE DEVELOPMENT Smallpox outbreaks in Boston In the budding pre-revolution American colonies, smallpox posed a serious threat to the welfare of a developing nation: mortality from smallpox disproportionately affected Native Americans, and epidemics were recorded among Anglo-Americans in 1677, 1689-1690, and 1702. 1 By 1721, the city of Boston had become a prosperous port town of 11,000 residents. Many of those who were older than 20 years of age had contracted smallpox in the epidemic of 1702 and, therefore, were conferred lifelong immunity. However, each year between 1702 and 1721 brought with it a newly born cohort of residents that had not been exposed to the epidemic of 1702, and by 1721 the percentage of Bostonian residents who were susceptible to smallpox swelled. On April 22, 1721, a British vessel arrived in Boston harbor, passed a quarantine inspection, and docked. Within one day, one of the ship's crew was diagnosed with smallpox and quarantined. By early May, nine more seamen from the ship were determined to have smallpox, and cases began to appear among Boston residents. As the number of smallpox cases mounted, approximately 1,000 residents fled Boston. Then, Onesimus, an African slave of the

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Section: Local Area Approaches For Assessing Vaccination Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of Historical Events Leading to National Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage in the United States

2011

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“…1 Immunization rates are currently estimated in health care clinics through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Assessment, Feedback, Incentives, and eXchange program. 2,3 Rates are also assessed with retrospective school audits or surveys 4 ; surveys of the general population for population-based coverage rates, as used by the National Immunization Survey 5 ; and strategy-specific methods, such as those detailed in the American Immunization Registry Association's "Analytic Guide for Assessing Vaccination Coverage Using an IIS." 6 The use of IISs and other electronic medical records to estimate community immunization coverage is of growing interest in the public health field.…”

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confidence: 99%