Assessment of intrusive cognition in PTSD: Use of the modified Stroop paradigm

McNally, Richard J.; English, George E.; Lipke, Howard

doi:10.1007/bf02093361

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…labour words). This is in contrast to some studies investigating attentional bias in other populations (McNally et al 1993) and who have repeatedly found an attentional bias but slower RTs to threat. However, such findings have not been universal and Kimble et al (2009), in their review, questioned the robustness of the evidence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Patterns of attention and experiences of post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study

Dale-Hewitt

Slade

Wright

et al. 2012

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Childbirth for some women can be experienced as a traumatic event whereby it is appraised as threatening to life and associated with feelings of fear, helplessness or horror. These women may develop symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder or its sub-clinical symptoms (post-traumatic stress, PTS). Cognitive processes such as attentional biases have been identified in individuals with PTS exposed to other traumatic events. This study used an experimental design (the modified Stroop task) to investigate the relationship between attentional biases and PTS symptoms in 50 women who experienced their labour and delivery as stressful and responded with fear, helplessness and horror. Attentional biases away from childbirth words were significantly associated with both symptoms of post-traumatic stress and more negative experiences of childbirth. A negative experience was also associated with more severe symptoms of PTS. Positive experiences were unassociated with attentional biases or symptoms. Post-traumatic stress responses, in this population, may be associated with avoidance, and through influencing cognitive processing, acting as a maintaining factor of distress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Patterns of attention and experiences of post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study

Dale-Hewitt

Slade

Wright

et al. 2012

Arch Womens Ment Health

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“…A large body of research has demonstrated an attentional bias towards trauma-related stimuli in individuals with PTSD across different types of trauma (for a review see, e.g., Constans, 2005). Not only Vietnam veterans were significantly slower when color-naming combat related words in an emotional Stroop task (e.g., Constans, McCloskey, Vasterling, Brailey, & Mathews, 2004;Kaspi, McNally, & Amir, 1995;McNally, Amir, & Lipke, 1996;McNally, English, & Lipke, 1993;Vrana, Roodman, & Beckham, 1995), but an attentional bias towards trauma-related words was also found in rape victims (Cassiday, McNally, & Zeitlin, 1992;Foa, Feske, Murdock, Kozak, & McCarthy, 1991) and accident victims with PTSD (e.g., Bryant & Harvey, 1995;Thrasher, Dalgleish, & Yule, 1994). However, some studies could not demonstrate an effect specific to trauma words: PTSD was associated with response slowing for both trauma and panic words in one study (Buckley, Blanchard, & Hickling, 2002), and with response slowing to threat words in general in another study (Litz et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transmission of biased information processing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following displacement after World War II

Wittekind

Jelinek

Kellner

et al. 2010

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Berichtet wurden Beeinträchtigungen von Aufmerksamkeit und Merkspanne [74,75,87,88], allgemeine und traumaspezifische Verlängerungen der Reaktionslatenz [89,90,91,92,93] sowie Stö-rungen exekutiver Funkionen [74,75]. Barrett [94] fand hingegen analog zu unserem Befund bei BPD, das nur PTSD-Patienten mit komorbider Achse-I-Störung (Depression, Angsterkrankung, Substanzmissbrauch) neuropsychologische Auffälligkeiten zeigen.…”

Section: Neuropsychologische Befundeunclassified

Ist die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung eine komplexe posttraumatische Störung? Zum Stand der Forschung

et al. 2002

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Regarding the high prevalence of traumatic experiences in patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD), we review the available literature focussing on the hypothesis that BPD is a subtype of trauma associated disorders. The criteria of BPD, of complex post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and of disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) substantially overlap. Research of the long-term course of BPD and PTSD, trauma research, and research of vulnerability in both disorders yielded converging results. Neuropsychological deficits in BPD and PTSD as well as psychoendocrinological and neuroimaging studies in BPD und PTSD also revealed common features. A pathogenetic specificity of individual etiologic factors does not appear to exist, however the assumption of a diathesis-stress model with traumatisation as a necessary but etiologically insufficient condition seems justified. Further research will have to prove BPD as a complex and early-onset post-traumatic stress disorder after multiple and/or chronic (type II) traumatic experiences during childhood and/or youth. Definitive conclusions require further research efforts.

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Assessment of intrusive cognition in PTSD: Use of the modified Stroop paradigm

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Patterns of attention and experiences of post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study

Patterns of attention and experiences of post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study

Intergenerational transmission of biased information processing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following displacement after World War II

Ist die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung eine komplexe posttraumatische Störung? Zum Stand der Forschung

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