Assessment of intraocular pressure, macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell layer thicknesses: ocular parameters and optical coherence tomography findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Işık, Ümit; Kaygisiz, Mehmet

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0606

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In a recent study, children with ADHD who did not receive treatment, children with ADHD who were followed up under regular methylphenidate treatment for at least 3 months, and the control group were evaluated in terms of OCT parameters, and no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mean RNFL thickness. 34 When the result obtained in our study is evaluated within the literature information, it seems to support the hypothesis that ADHD is related to the neurodegenerative process. However, further studies are needed to be conducted to explain these results better.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…While our findings are similar to the study conducted by Herguner et al [ 16 ] one of the studies that previously examined the relationship between ADHD and RNFL, the results of the study conducted by Bodur et al [ 17 ] do not coincide with the results of our study. In a recent study, children with ADHD who did not receive treatment, children with ADHD who were followed up under regular methylphenidate treatment for at least 3 months, and the control group were evaluated in terms of OCT parameters, and no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mean RNFL thickness [ 34 ]. When the result obtained in our study is evaluated within the literature information, it seems to support the hypothesis that ADHD is related to the neurodegenerative process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship With Executive Functions in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients

Kaymak

Gündoğmuş²,

Dalkıran³

et al. 2021

Psychiatry Investig

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have shown that there are structural and functional brain differences between individuals with and without ADHD. 4,5 Analyzes found global reductions in total brain volume, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), basal ganglia, and cerebellum. 6 In addition, it has been reported that cortical thickness decreases in people with ADHD, most prominently in the prefrontal and precentral regions. 7,8 Besides, it has been shown that individuals with ADHD have maturation delay in cortical development. 9 The retina is considered to be part of the central nervous system as it originates from the diencephalon during embryonic development. 10 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides very high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina and optic disc. 11 It is used to measure changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macular thickness (MT) and macular volume (MV) in the diagnosis and follow-up of ophthalmologic disorders, including

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship With Executive Functions in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients

Kaymak

Gündoğmuş²,

Dalkıran³

et al. 2021

Psychiatry Investig

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“…The RD induces photoreceptor degeneration, ganglion cell axon loss, and subsequent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer degeneration which may involve even attached retina beyond detachment borders [9,10,17]. The retinal layers suffer due to separation from the choroid, pressure effect of subretinal fluid, and intraocular pressure [18]. The IOP rise and changes the toxic effect of injected gases, retinal dehydration from air infusion, and overall manipulations during surgery damage neural tissue to manifest as RNFL and VF defects [10,[19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Parameters Following Scleral Buckling Surgery in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Sodhi¹,

Yadav²,

Shaw³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Objective: This study aimed to examine predictors of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters following scleral buckling (SB) surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to determine the influence of the magnitude of change in qualitative and quantitative parameters on RNFL.Methods: In an observational prospective study, 40 subjects who underwent successful retinal reattachment with SB surgery done within one month of RRD were evaluated for the parameters of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance (AOD 500 and AOD 750), trabecular iris surface area (TISA 500 and TISA 750), visual fields, and ganglion cell count (GCC) and RNFL before and three months after SB. We additionally noted qualitative factors like extent, location, and type of buckle; phakic status; and grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the affected eye. The change in value of quantitative parameters was found. The influence of baseline values and magnitude of change of quantitative and qualitative parameters on average RNFL thickness and magnitude of change of RNFL thickness after SB was found.Results: Post-SB, average RNFL thickness reduced from 108.58±20.38 microns to 103.73±17.98 microns (p =0.042). The baseline temporal upper (TU), temporal lower (TL), and nasal lower (NL) RNFL thickness (p=0.01, p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively) and total deviation (TD) values of visual fields (p=0.01) correlated positively while baseline GCC gross loss of volume (p=0.01) correlated negatively with post-operative RNFL thickness. The TU, TL, and NL RNFL thickness (p=0.04, p=0.01, p=0.01, respectively) and average GCC (p=0.04) correlated negatively with the magnitude of change in RNFL. The magnitude of change in baseline parameters after surgery was correlated with the magnitude of change in average RNFL thickness. It was noticed that change in AL (p<0.01), TISA 500 (p=0.02), TISA 750 (p<0.01), GCC focal loss of volume (p=0.02), and temporal RNFL thickness (p<0.01) correlated positively while the change in refractive error correlated negatively (p=0.04). Except for the grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (p=0.04), none of the qualitative parameters, including extent, type, and location of the buckle; and phakic status, had a significant association with post-operative average RNFL thickness or magnitude of its change.Conclusions: The predictors of average RNFL thickness following SB include AL; myopic shift; TISA; visual fields TD; average, TU, TL, and NL RNFL thickness; average GCC, gross and focal loss of volume; and grade of PVR. So an early surgery to prevent preoperative ganglion cell and RNFL loss and progression of PVR is recommended.

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“…Multiple studies[ 38 39 ] have investigated RNFL thickness in ADHD patients and showed that RNFL thickness was not different in ADHD patients. Hergüner et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to the fact that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and not degenerative. [ 38 39 ] In terms of RNFL thickness, there might be no risk for glaucomatous damage for children with ADHD. [ 38 39 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the lamina cribrosa in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Akkaya

Ulusoy

Doğan

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) and lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) in adolescence with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compare with those receiving methylphenidate (MPH) and healthy controls. Methods: Fifty-five children with ADHD (9.23 ± 1.92 years, mean ± standard deviation), 41 children with ADHD given MPH (9.24 ± 1.84 years), and 86 healthy controls (9.95 ± 2.16 years) were recruited for the study. All subjects were subjected to a complete eye exam and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to assess LCT and LCD. The severity of ADHD symptoms was evaluated by using parent-report measures, including Conners’s Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R: S) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Parent Form (SDQ: P). Results: The study showed a significant finding between the research groups with regard to LCT. LCT was shown to be significantly increased in ADHD subjects given MPH compared with the controls. However, LCD was not significantly different between cohorts. Also, a significant inverse correlation was found between the SDQ: P–Emotional Problems Subscale and LCT ( r = −0.253; P = 0.030) in ADHD patients. Conclusion: Changes in lamina cribrosa (LC) in ADHD children receiving MPH suggest that the mechanism of action for MPH may target developing LC structures. More studies to define the relationship between MPH medications and the LC variations are defensible.

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Assessment of intraocular pressure, macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell layer thicknesses: ocular parameters and optical coherence tomography findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship With Executive Functions in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship With Executive Functions in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients

Predictors of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Parameters Following Scleral Buckling Surgery in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Assessment of the lamina cribrosa in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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