Assessment of Interrelationships among Levels of Intake and Production, Organ Size and Fasting Heat Production in Growing Animals

Koong, L. J.; Ferrell, C. L.; Nienaber, J. A.

doi:10.1093/jn/115.10.1383

Cited by 178 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, the FHP value measured in the present study was slightly lower than the mean value (0.765 MJ·d -1 ·(kg BW) -0.60 ) obtained by Noblet et al [18] in a contemporary study with similar pigs and methodologies. However, in that latter study, the feeding level was higher (2.7 vs. 2.3 MJ·d -1 ·(kg BW) -0.60 ), and feeding level appears to affect FHP according to the conclusions of de Lange et al (unpublished data) and Koong et al [14].…”

Section: Influence Of Body Weight Of Pigs On the Metabolic Utilisatiomentioning

confidence: 76%

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Influence of dietary fibre level on digestive and metabolic utilisation of energy in growing and finishing pigs

et al. 2002

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-The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of dietary fibre (DF) level on the digestive and metabolic utilisation of energy in pigs. Two diets were prepared: a control low DF diet (the C diet, 100 g Total Dietary Fibre (TDF)·kg -1 DM) and a fibre-rich diet (200 g TDF·kg -1 DM) which corresponded to a combination of the C diet and maize bran (the MB diet). Each diet was fed as pellets during two successive experimental periods to five, individually caged pigs at growing (42 kg BW) and finishing stages (76 kg BW) for the measurement of digestibility, heat production (HP; indirect calorimetry) and its components. Energy supply was standardised between the diets (2.4 and 2.3 MJ ME·d -1 ·(kg BW) -0.60 for growing and finishing pigs, respectively). The energy digestibility was not affected by growth stage but was lower for the MB diet (83%) than for the C diet (91%). Similarly, the DE value of maize bran (11.5 MJ·kg -1 DM), as calculated by the difference method, was similar at both stages. The fasting HP represented 56% of HP and averaged 0.724 MJ·d -1 ·(kg BW) -0.60 while the physical activity and thermic effect of feed represented on average 14 and 30% of HP, respectively. None of the components of HP was affected by the DF level. The activity HP was greater in finishing (16% of HP) than in growing pigs (12%). Energy cost of standing was constant (kJ·min -1 ) when expressed per kg BW 1.25 . When adjusted for similar ME intake and activity level, total HP and retained energy did not differ between the diets and between the growth stages. In conclusion, the metabolic utilisation of dietary energy was little affected by the DF level in growing and finishing pigs under the conditions of the present study. et un régime enrichi en parois végétales (200 g de fibres totales par kg MS) où une fraction du régime T est remplacée par des drèches de maïs (régime DM). Chaque régime a été distribué successivement à 5 porcs au stade croissance (42 kg PV) et au stade finition (76 kg). Les animaux étaient maintenus individuellement en cage métabolique placée dans une chambre respiratoire afin de mesurer les coefficients d'utilisation digestive de l'énergie et des nutriments ainsi que la production de chaleur totale (calorimétrie indirecte) et ses composantes. Les niveaux alimentaires ont été égalisés à chaque stade (2,4 et 2,3 MJ EM·j -1 ·kg PV -0,60 pour les porcs en croissance et en finition, respectivement). Le coefficient d'utilisation digestive de l'énergie n'était pas différent selon le stade de croissance des animaux ; à chaque stade il était plus faible pour le régime DM (83 %) que pour le régime T (91 %). De la même façon, la valeur ED des drèches de maïs (11,5 MJ·kg -1 MS), déterminée à l'aide du calcul par différence, était comparable aux deux stades. La production de chaleur à jeun (0,724 MJ·j -1 ·kg PV -0,60 ) représentait en moyenne 56 % de la production de chaleur totale tandis que la production de chaleur liée à l'activité physique et l'effet thermique de l'aliment en représentaient 14 et 30 %, r...

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Section: Influence Of Body Weight Of Pigs On the Metabolic Utilisatiomentioning

confidence: 76%

“…VI) was digested in growing and finishing pigs. In fact, it appears that nutrient faecal losses (e.g., N or fat) increased in the presence of DF; this can be related to endogenous secretions associated with the higher microbial activity in the hindgut [7,14,19].…”

Section: Influence Of Dietary Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary fibre level on digestive and metabolic utilisation of energy in growing and finishing pigs

et al. 2002

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“…Furthermore, it was shown in animals that energy restriction induces a reduction of weight and oxygen consumption, that is metabolic rate, of gut and liver in less than one week while total body weight loss is still moderate. 23,24 Because of the high metabolic rate of these organs and their major contribution to the whole-body energy expenditure, the decrease in REE for FFM observed in obese girls at the very beginning of the low-energy diet might be partly explained by reductions of organ size and metabolic rate rather than the 2.3 to 5 kg weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the energy metabolism modi®cations induced by energy restriction and weight loss in massively obese adolescents. SUBJECTS: Ten massively obese girls (179 AE 31% of ideal body weight; age, 13.3 ± 16.4 y) after 2 ± 5 weeks on a lowenergy diet and 4.5 ± 11.5 months later, that is, after a substantial weight loss, and eight controls. MEASUREMENTS: Resting energy expenditure (REE) and carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after a sucrose load (by indirect calorimetry), plasma glucose and insulin before and after the sucrose load. RESULTS: After 2 ± 5 weeks on a low-energy diet, REE (7415 AE 904 kJad) was lower than the expected value calculated from the regression equation of REE on fat free mass in controls (P 0.005). After a 37 AE 17% reduction in excess weight, REE decreased (6405 AE 613 kJad) and remained lower than the expected value (P 0.005). At the early stages of weight loss, the area under the plasma glucose response curve was negatively correlated with CIT (r 7 0.80, P 0.01) and was higher in the six obese adolescents with low CIT than in the four with normal CIT (396 AE 52 vs 283 AE 26 mmol.l 71 .min 71 , P 0.01). After substantial weight loss, the area under the plasma insulin response curve decreased by 32% (P 0.02), and both CIT and the area under the plasma glucose response curve became similar in obese patients with low and normal CIT prior to weight loss. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that in massively obese adolescents, REE for fat-free mass is decreased at the very beginning of the process of losing weight and remains decreased as long as energy restriction and weight reduction carry on. They also indicate that the impaired CIT sometimes observed returns to normal after weight reduction suggesting that it is secondary to a decrease in glucose uptake induced by obesity-associated insulin resistance.

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“…Some internal organs of the body such as liver, kidney, heart and gastrointestinal tract are responsible for up to 40% of energy requirement for maintenance of fasting cattle (Koong et al, 1985). Therefore, it is worth stressing the direct relationship between the size of internal organs and maintenance requirements of beef cattle.…”

Section: Ad Libitummentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcass traits of Nellore, F1 Simmental × Nellore and F1 Angus × Nellore steers fed at maintenance or ad libitum with two concentrate levels in the diet

et al. 2011

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-This trial was conducted to evaluate the quantitative carcass traits of Nellore, F 1 Simmental × Nellore and F 1 Angus × Nellore steers fed at maintenance level or ad libitum with 1% and 2% of the body weight in concentrate. The animals were allotted to the treatments in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. The animals fed the ad libitum diet with more concentrate had greater cold carcass weight, cold carcass yield and longissimus muscle area/ 100 kg of cold carcass weight when compared with animals fed the diet with low concentrate allowance. There was no difference between the ad libitum diets for all of the carcass cuts yields, except for top sirloin. Crossbred animals had cold carcass yield larger than the Nellore animals. F 1 Angus × Nellore animals had greater rib fat thickness and smaller longissimus muscle area/ 100 kg than the F 1 Simmental × Nellore cattle. The yield of commercial carcass cuts was not influenced by genetic group, except for the shoulder clod yield, which was smaller in crossbred animals compared with Nellore animals. The longissimus muscle area, rib fat thickness and rump fat, taken by ultrasound were influenced by the body weight of the animals. Crossbred animals fed diets with higher concentrate level produce carcasses most suitable for the requirements of the market.

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Assessment of Interrelationships among Levels of Intake and Production, Organ Size and Fasting Heat Production in Growing Animals

Cited by 178 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of dietary fibre level on digestive and metabolic utilisation of energy in growing and finishing pigs

Influence of dietary fibre level on digestive and metabolic utilisation of energy in growing and finishing pigs

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

Carcass traits of Nellore, F1 Simmental × Nellore and F1 Angus × Nellore steers fed at maintenance or ad libitum with two concentrate levels in the diet

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