Assessment of Intention to Use Contraceptive Methods With Spatial Distributions and Associated Factors Among Women in Ethiopia: Evidence From EDHS 2016

Abstract

Background: Modern contraceptive methods have immense influences on the health of mothers and their children. Using contraceptive methods is seen to control family size and unnecessary pregnancies. And it leads to peaceful and known family status. Considering different factors like resources and various cultural aspects, assessing the intention to use might bring areas with these problems into the light to act on them. Methods: We used multilevel logistic regression and spatial analysis techniques to the data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey. We downloaded the data from the EDHS website after the approval of the request for the data. We pooled the data to assess the intention to use contraceptive methods among 15-49 age women. After applying bivariate and multilevel binary logistic regression, we presented the information on Community and Individual level using tables, figures, and spatial distribution. We applied a p-value <0.05 and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Result: the intention to use contraceptive methods was 44.11%. Spatially, we found intention to use contraception highly clustered in North and Western Ethiopia. The average number of children (4.5±2.9), age at first cohabitation (16.9±3.99), and the ideal number of children (4.77±2.0). Some other factors associated with intention to use contraceptive methods were age, education, the information was given by health facility, age at first cohabitation, the ideal number of children, Wealth status, and Regions that were significant.Conclusion: We observed various distributions among regions. Education status and various socio-cultural aspects need serious considerations to increase the intention to use contraceptive methods. Besides the efforts done, policy decisions might need to consider this finding and uphill the intervention against associated factors like socio-cultural and demographic variables in those areas.

Intention to use contraceptives and its correlates among reproductive age women in selected high fertility sub-saharan Africa countries: a multilevel mixed effects analysis

“…In this study, respondents who were 15–24 and 25–34 years old were more likely to have an intention of contraception use than older age groups. It is consistent with the studies conducted in Ethiopia [ 31 ], Jordan [ 46 ], and Malawi [ 47 ]. It indicates that the proportion of women who have the intention of contraceptive use increases until it reaches its peak in the 30–34 age group.…”

“…The odds of intention to use contraceptives was higher among those women who had formal education have higher odds of intention to use contraceptives compared to those women who had no formal education. This finding is similar with those of studies conducted in Ethiopia [ 25 , 31 , 50 ] and Uganda [ 51 ]. Women with formal education are more likely to be exposed to contraceptives through the media, which increases their awareness of contraceptives and helps them understand how contraception can help with fertility reduction, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortions, and other health concerns of mothers and children [ 52 , 53 ].…”

“…The finding of this study reveals that the overall prevalence of intention to use contraception is higher than individual studies conducted in Ghana 31.70% [ 32 ] but lower than studies conducted in Ethiopia 44.11% [ 31 , 44 ], Mozambique 44.70% [ 21 ], and Pakistan 42.00% [ 45 ]. The low prevalence of intention to use contraceptives in this study compared to previous studies might be due to the difference in the study setting, sample size, and socio-demographic characteristics of the women.…”

“…In African countries, women’s intention to use contraception has been influenced by their partners’ fertility preference [ 21 – 23 ], parity [ 24 ], number of living children [ 25 ], misconceptions about contraceptives [ 26 ], and socio-demographic factors like marital status, residence, the number of children, age, religion [ 24 , 27 – 30 ]. By considering these factors and adding other community level factors such as community level education, community level media exposure, distance to the nearest health facility assessing the intention to use contraception brings tangible evidence for intervention [ 31 ].…”

“…The effectiveness of contraceptives to manage the high fertility have been documented in specific sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries like in Ethiopia 44% [ 31 ], Ghana 31.7% [ 32 ], and Mozambique 44.7% [ 21 ]. Additionally, in SSA, studies on the intention to use contraceptives have been investigated by the same authors [ 33 ]; however, studies that combine in the context of specific high fertility countries [ 34 ] in SSA have not been carried out to understand the intention of women to use contraceptives and why low intention to use contraceptives.…”