Assessment of Intensity of Erosion and Natural Coverage of Tractor Roads in Post-Exploitation Period

Abstract

UDK 630*38:551.311.21
 625.711.84:551.311.21
 Tractor roads are often, due to un-implementation of appropriate rehabilitation measures, exposed to erosion processes of various intensity. These processes can be particularly expressed upon completion of forest harvesting works if natural conditions also have such character which favors intensification of erosion process. Intensification of erosion processes on tractor roads in post-exploitation period most often occur in cases when surface water appears on ruts. More intensive coverage occurs in cases when tree crowns do not cover tractor roads, i.e. if larger opening (of forest crop) is in close vicinity of tractor road, which enables larger presence of light and more intensive vegetation growth. This document applies erosion process intensity degree method and assessment of degree of coverage or coverage by litter. For assessment we used a scale from 1 to 5 (REBULA, 1991). Erosion intensity degree on observed locations goes from 1,86 to 3,73. Coverage of tractor roads by grass vegetation or coverage by litter is in range from 4,91 to 1,86.

Changes within the roadbed and the cutslope of an abandoned forest road—A case‐study from the Tatra Mts. (Poland)

“…Our research has shown that relief change, rates of erosion, and net changes are much greater for road sections running atop conglomerates versus limestone. These results are consistent with those obtained by Bajrić et al (2013) and Fidelus‐Orzechowska et al (2018). The management of forest roads demands maintenance efforts focused on securing poorly resistant road sections via the use of highly resistant rock blocks.…”

“…Gullies and rills play a significant role in increasing material transport along the roadbed (Arnáez et al, 2004). The type of geological substrate and the degree to which the roads are reinforced with vegetation can both strongly affect the magnitude of erosion within different sections of the road (Bajrić et al, 2013; Jordán & Martínez‐Zavala, 2008; Martínez‐Zavala et al, 2008; Rice et al, 1972).…”

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“…But in practice it is almost the other way around... "the grade depends more on the evaluator than on the student's answer, so for the student it is more important who examines him than how well he knows the subject" (Bujas, Z.: Knowledge tests and the possibility of their use in school practice , own edition, Zagreb, 1943. ) Research aimed at determining the objectivity, reliability, sensitivity and validity of teachers as measuring instruments in the evaluation of school written assignments proves that teachers are weak measuring instruments [2,3].…”