Assessment of integrated energy systems for the production and use of renewable methanol by water electrolysis and CO2 hydrogenation

Lonis, Francesco; Tola, Vittorio; Cau, Giorgio

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119160

Cited by 81 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A very large industrial demand will arise from the chemical industry as a feedstock for bulk chemicals, in particular e-ammonia [12,13] and e-methanol, [14,15] as the chemical industry can be mainly built on these fundamental bulk chemicals. [70,71] The demand for green hydrogen for the chemical industry in 2050 for e-ammonia may reach a level of 3800 TWh H2 and for e-methanol 15 200 TWh H2.…”

Section: Green Hydrogen In Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minor hydrogen demand has been identified for road and rail transportation, heat supply, and seasonal balancing of power supply. Most of the hydrogen is expected to be further processed to e‐methane, [ 8,9 ] Fischer–Tropsch fuels, [ 10,11 ] e‐ammonia, [ 12,13 ] and e‐methanol,, [ 14,15 ] while hydrogen as a final energy fuel is most important for hydrogen direct reduced iron. [ 16 ] There is an ongoing debate on the value of hydrogen for road transportation, but the about twice as efficient battery‐electric vehicles [ 17 ] lead to clear commitments of major vehicle manufacturers for a dedicated battery‐electric vehicle strategy, for cars, buses, and trucks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

et al. 2021

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Green hydrogen will be an essential part of the future 100% sustainable energy and industry system. Up to one‐third of the required solar and wind electricity would eventually be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, increasing the cumulative electrolyzer capacity to about 17 TWel by 2050. The key method applied in this research is a learning curve approach for the key technologies, i.e., solar photovoltaics (PV) and water electrolyzers, and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). Sensitivities for the hydrogen demand and various input parameters are considered. Electrolyzer capital expenditure (CAPEX) for a large utility‐scale system is expected to decrease from the current 400 €/kWel to 240 €/kWel by 2030 and to 80 €/kWel by 2050. With the continuing solar PV cost decrease, this will lead to an LCOH decrease from the current 31–81 €/MWhH2,LHV (1.0–2.7 €/kgH2) to 20–54 €/MWhH2,LHV (0.7–1.8 €/kgH2) by 2030 and 10–27 €/MWhH2,LHV (0.3–0.9 €/kgH2) by 2050, depending on the location. The share of PV electricity cost in the LCOH will increase from the current 63% to 74% by 2050.

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Section: Green Hydrogen In Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

et al. 2021

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“…However, during the electrolysis of methanol-water mixture, H 2 and CO 2 get separated, and are liberated in separate compartments (cathode and anode) and, thus, purification of hydrogen to remove CO 2 is not required in this process. Due to these potential advantages, in the recent year, many systematic investigations have been carried out on H 2 generation by methanol-water electrolysis using a PEM methanol electrolyzer (PEMME) [27,28]. In addition, hypothetically, electrolysis of methanol occurs at about 0.02-0.03 V, which is much lower compared to the minimum theoretical voltage of 1.23 V for water electrolysis (Table 1).…”

Section: Pure Hydrogen Production From Methanol By Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Using Polymer Electrolyte Membrane: A Mini-Review

Pethaiah¹,

Sadasivuni

Jayakumar

et al. 2020

Energies

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Hydrogen (H2) has attained significant benefits as an energy carrier due to its gross calorific value (GCV) and inherently clean operation. Thus, hydrogen as a fuel can lead to global sustainability. Conventional H2 production is predominantly through fossil fuels, and electrolysis is now identified to be most promising for H2 generation. This review describes the recent state of the art and challenges on ultra-pure H2 production through methanol electrolysis that incorporate polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). It also discusses about the methanol electrochemical reforming catalysts as well as the impact of this process via PEM. The efficiency of H2 production depends on the different components of the PEM fuel cells, which are bipolar plates, current collector, and membrane electrode assembly. The efficiency also changes with the nature and type of the fuel, fuel/oxygen ratio, pressure, temperature, humidity, cell potential, and interfacial electronic level interaction between the redox levels of electrolyte and band gap edges of the semiconductor membranes. Diverse operating conditions such as concentration of methanol, cell temperature, catalyst loading, membrane thickness, and cell voltage that affect the performance are critically addressed. Comparison of various methanol electrolyzer systems are performed to validate the significance of methanol economy to match the future sustainable energy demands.

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“…Section 3.1.12, "The Liquid Fuels Question" claims that "it is highly unlikely that synthetic liquid fuel substitutes for FFs [fossil fuels] can be produced sustainably in any more than small quantities for niche applications". Vast literature has been published in recent years on e-fuels and e-chemicals, such as green Hydrogen [85,86,163], e-Methane [164,165], Fischer-Tropsch fuels [166,167], e-Ammonia [168,169] and e-Methanol [170,171], all showing that electricity-based fuels are in reach. In a global energy system transition analysis reaching 100% RE in 2050 [46], with 90% electricity share in primary energy (mainly PV, wind and some hydropower) and strong growth in energy service demands, it has been shown that the total energy system cost can be kept at present levels, while the overall energy system efficiency can be increased by a factor of two [46], mainly due to the phase-out of combustion processes which can be substituted by direct electricity-based processes.…”

Section: Statements In the Seibert-rees (S-r) Paper And Counter-argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on Seibert, M.K.; Rees, W.E. Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition. Energies 2021, 14, 4508

et al. 2022

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This paper exposes the many flaws in the article “Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition, authored by Siebert and Rees and recently published in Energies as a Review. Our intention in submitting this critique is to expose and rectify the original article’s non-scientific approach to the review process that includes selective (and hence biased) screening of the literature focusing on the challenges related to renewable energies, without discussing any of the well-documented solutions. In so doing, we also provide a rigorous refutation of several statements made by a Seibert–Rees paper, which often appear to be unsubstantiated personal opinions and not based on a balanced review of the available literature.

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Assessment of integrated energy systems for the production and use of renewable methanol by water electrolysis and CO2 hydrogenation

Cited by 81 publications

References 62 publications

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

Methanol Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Using Polymer Electrolyte Membrane: A Mini-Review

Comment on Seibert, M.K.; Rees, W.E. Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition. Energies 2021, 14, 4508

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