Assessment of Impacts Produced by Anthropogenic Sources in a Little City near an Important Industrial Area (Modugno, Southern Italy)

Amodio, M.; Gennaro, Gianluigi de; Marzocca, Annalisa; Trizio, Livia; Tutino, Maria

doi:10.1155/2013/150397

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In general, the vast majority of VOCs in the atmosphere is emitted by biogenic sources (Guenther et al, 1995;Sindelarova et al, 2014), thus from vegetation or biomass fires (Ciccioli et al, 2014). However, in and near urban areas, further anthropogenic sources like traffic and industry emissions dominate (Amodio et al, 2013). Additionally, the degradation of VOCs and other trace gases leads to secondary production of further VOCs, e.g.…”

Section: Voc Measurements By Ptr-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia

Forster

Bönisch

Neumaier

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Worldwide the number of large urban agglomerations is steadily increasing. At a local scale, their emissions lead to air pollution, directly affecting people’s health. On a global scale, their emissions lead to an increase of greenhouse gases, affecting climate. In this context, in 2017 and 2018, the airborne campaigns EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) investigated emissions of European and Asian major population centres (MPCs) to improve the understanding and predictability of pollution outflows. Here, we present two methods to identify and characterise emission outflows probed during EMeRGe. First, we use a set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as chemical tracers to characterise air-masses by specific source signals, i.e. benzene from anthropogenic emissions of targeted regions, acetonitrile from biomass burning (BB, primarily during EMeRGe-Asia) and isoprene from fresh biogenic signals (primarily during EMeRGe-Europe). Second, we attribute probed air-masses to source regions and estimate their individual contribution by constructing and applying a simple emission uptake scheme for the boundary layer which combines FLEXTRA back-trajectories and EDGAR carbon monoxide (CO) emission rates (acronyms are provided in Appendix A). During EMeRGe-Europe, we identified anthropogenic emission outflows from Northern Italy, Southern Great Britain, the Belgium-Netherlands-Ruhr area and the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, our uptake scheme indicates significant long-range transport of emissions from the USA and Canada. During EMeRGe-Asia, the emission outflow is dominated by sources in China and Taiwan, with further emissions (mostly from BB) originating from Southeast Asia and India. Emissions of pre-selected MPC targets are identified in less than 20 % of the sampling time, due to restrictions in flight planning and constraints of the measurement platform itself. Still, EMeRGe combines in a unique way near- and far-field measurements, which show signatures of local and distant sources, transport and conversion fingerprints and complex emission mixtures. Our approach already provides a valuable classification and characterisation of the EMeRGe dataset, e.g. for BB and anthropogenic influence of potential source regions, and paves the way for a more comprehensive analysis and various model studies.

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Section: Voc Measurements By Ptr-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia

Forster

Bönisch

Neumaier

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…It is known that even toluene degrades five times faster than benzene. Thus the ratio of toluene to benzene (T/B) can be used to estimate the proximity of vehicular emission source (Amodio et al, 2013). Higher T/B ratios indicate emissions from a fresh vehicular source while lower T/B ratios suggest probable photochemical degradation of benzene and toluene originated from a distant source.…”

Section: Ratios Of Toluene/benzene (T/b) and Xylene/ethylbenzene (X/e)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside BTEX Profiles in the Atmosphere at a Terai Region of Northern India

Masih¹,

Lall²,

Lal³

et al. 2017

JEHS

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Transportation has turned into an escalating source that causes severe adverse effects on air quality. Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of publications on traffic-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which indicates that automobiles in urban regions are the dominant source of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, commonly called BTEX. A monitoring program was designed and implemented to characterize roadside levels of BTEX during November, 2014-February, 2015 at Gorakhpur-a terai belt of north India, on both weekdays and weekends. Samples of the air were collected at two sites namely, Nausad Traffic Junction (NTJ) and Golghar Traffic Junction (GTJ). Besides this, air samples were also collected at different distances (3 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m respectively) from the road. BTEX were sampled by SKC activated charcoal tubes and analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector). Total BTEX concentration ranged from 9.8-61.3 µg m-3 at roadside sites, Gorakhpur. The total mean BTEX at Golghar traffic junction (GTJ) and Nausad traffic junction (NTJ) were 36.6 µg m-3 and 18.1 µg m-3 respectively. The concentrations of BTEX were plotted against distance from the road. The coefficient of determination (R 2 values) for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were found to be 0.65, 0.98, 0.98 and 0.92 respectively. The average T/B and X/E ratios of both the sites together were 2.3 and 1.2 respectively. The higher traffic volume and traffic congestion on weekdays lead to remarkably higher BTEX levels than those observed on Sunday at both the sites. Toluene was found to be dominant followed by benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene. Appropriate traffic management and vehicle emission control should be applied to reduce the VOC pollution in the city.

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“…Benzene is a highly volatile carcinogenic compound (Amodio et al, 2013;WHO, 2010;Singla et al, 2012;Snyder, 2012;Maffei et al, 2005;Bird et al, 2005;Bois et al, 1991;IARC, 1999) whose emission by petrol-fueled cars (Amodio et al, 2013;Leong et al, 2002;Cohen et al, 2005) and oil-refining plants entails that it is ubiquitous in urban and industrial areas throughout the world (Goldstein, 2010;Ferrante et al, 2012Ferrante et al, , 2004Sciacca et al, 2007;Skov et al, 2001). Human exposure occurs primarily through inhalation (WHO, 2010) and is associated with a variety of acute and long-term health effects and diseases (Singla et al, 2012;Klauning and Kamendulis, 2004), including cancer and aplastic anemia (WHO, 2010;Snyder, 2012;Weisel, 2010) and may lead to amplification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA) (Shen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Armadillo officinalis Dumèril, 1816 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) as a bioindicator: In vivo study of air benzene exposure

Agodi

Conti

Barchitta

et al. 2015

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Assessment of Impacts Produced by Anthropogenic Sources in a Little City near an Important Industrial Area (Modugno, Southern Italy)

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia

Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia

Roadside BTEX Profiles in the Atmosphere at a Terai Region of Northern India

Validation of Armadillo officinalis Dumèril, 1816 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) as a bioindicator: In vivo study of air benzene exposure

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