Assessment of <i>trans-</i>fatty acid content in a sample of foods from the Slovenian food supply using a sales-weighting approach

Kušar, Anita; Hribar, Maša; Lavriša, Živa; Zupanič, Nina; Kupirovič, Urška Pivk; Hristov, Hristo; Abramovič, Helena; Vidrih, Rajko; Zlatić, Emil; Kokalj, Doris; Piskernik, Saša; Mencin, Marjeta; Peče, Petra; Blaznik, Urška; Žmitek, Katja; Pravst, Igor

doi:10.1017/s1368980020001949

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous studies on iTFA content in our region have identified biscuits as a critical food category (6,15,(23)(24)(25). High amounts of more than 2% iTFA of total fat was observed in many products of prepacked biscuits, cakes and wafers with at least 15 g fat/100 g of product and PHO or a similar term on list of ingredients in Serbian (n = 35) and Slovenian markets (n = 18) in 2012 (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…When we compared our data with regard to the country of product production (EU countries with those from non-EU countries), we found high TFA content in total fat in 37.5% products from EU compared to 75% from non-EU countries, confirming variability in TFA between countries. In 2016, Kušar et al (25) determined iTFA content in 282 selected food purchased in Slovenia, including 39 biscuits. The authors reported that considerable variability was observed in TFA content in biscuits, ranging up to 4.88 g/100 g of food within the PHO-containing samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trans fatty acids in frequently consumed products from Serbian and Slovenian market

Ristić‐Medić¹,

Petrović²,

Polak³

et al. 2022

Cent Eur J Public Health

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Objectives: Industrially produced trans fatty acid (iTFA) have adverse health effects and thus their consumption should be limited. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the iTFA content in frequently consumed food products by young adults from the Serbian and Slovenian market with supposedly elevated iTFA content in 2015. At the time of this study, there was no recommended limit of iTFA in both countries, and reduction of iTFA in foods was on voluntary basis.Methods: We determined iTFA content in food products, 19 from the Serbian and 22 from the Slovenian market, blinded and analysed in the same analytical run. Contents of fatty acids (FA) methyl esters were analysed by capillary gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector. Heptadecanoic acid was used as internal standard. Individual FA along with TFA were expressed as percentages of total measured FA. The amount of each FA in the sample was then calculated from the response factor and the transformation factor of the FA from the FA methyl ester content.Results: Elaidic acid (C18:1t) was found as the most abundant TFA in analysed products, ranging from 0.52 g/100 g of total FA in chocolate candy up to 60.4 g/100 g in a salami from Serbian market. In Slovenian products, the values for elaidic acid were lower, 0.04-3.95 g/100 g of total FA, except in one type of wafers (24.3 g/100 g).Conclusions: The majority of analysed products from the Serbian and three from Slovenian market exceeded the recommended WHO and EU limit of 2% iTFA of total fat in foods. Samples of frequently consumed salami, wafers, tea biscuits, and snacks were identified as products with potentially higher burden of iTFA in diets of young adults in Serbia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans fatty acids in frequently consumed products from Serbian and Slovenian market

Ristić‐Medić¹,

Petrović²,

Polak³

et al. 2022

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“… List only include studies where Slovenian branded food databases were exploited directly. Food monitoring studies datasets were used for several other studies, for example, to support in the sampling of foods in the food supply for assessment of the content of trans fatty acids in foods ( 64 , 65 ), for assessment of salt iodization ( 66 ), for assessment of dietary intakes ( 67 – 71 ), food marketing ( 25 , 72 – 74 ) and offers in vending machines ( 75 , 76 ). Studies exploiting additional Slovenian branded foods composition datasets ( 44 , 66 , 77 – 79 ) are also not included .…”

Section: The Exploitation Of Use Of Branded Foods Database In Nutrition Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases, branded foods datasets can be used to support the selection of foods for laboratory analyses. For example, Kušar et al ( 64 ) and Mencin et al ( 65 ) used the 2017 dataset to select branded foods for determining the number of trans fatty acids (TFA) analytically. Studies have identified specific food categories with higher content of TFAs, supporting the Slovenian government in implementing a regulatory ban on such foods ( 102 ).…”

Section: The Exploitation Of Use Of Branded Foods Database In Nutrition Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branded Foods Databases as a Tool to Support Nutrition Research and Monitoring of the Food Supply: Insights From the Slovenian Composition and Labeling Information System

et al. 2022

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Branded foods databases are becoming very valuable not only in nutrition research but also for clinical practice, policymakers, businesses, and general population. In contrast to generic foods, branded foods are marked by rapid changes in the food supply because of reformulations, the introduction of new foods, and the removal of existing ones from the market. Also, different branded foods are available in different countries. This not only complicates the compilation of branded foods datasets but also causes such datasets to become out of date quickly. In this review, we present different approaches to the compilation of branded foods datasets, describe the history and progress of building and updating such datasets in Slovenia, and present data to support nutrition research and monitoring of the food supply. Manufacturers are key sources of information for the compilation of branded foods databases, most commonly through food labels. In Slovenia, the branded food dataset is compiled using standard food monitoring studies conducted at all major retailers. Cross-sectional studies are conducted every few years, in which the food labels of all available branded foods are photographed. Studies are conducted using the Composition and Labeling Information System (CLAS) infrastructure, composed of a smartphone application for data collection and online data extraction and management tool. We reviewed various uses of branded foods datasets. Datasets can be used to assess the nutritional composition of food in the food supply (i.e., salt, sugar content), the use of specific ingredients, for example, food additives, for nutrient profiling, and assessment of marketing techniques on food labels. Such datasets are also valuable for other studies, for example, assessing nutrient intakes in dietary surveys. Additional approaches are also being tested to keep datasets updated between food monitoring studies. A promising approach is the exploitation of crowdsourcing through the mobile application VešKajJeš, which was launched in Slovenia to support consumers in making healthier dietary choices.

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“…The USA has completely banned the use of PHVO in pre-packaged foods in 2018 (13) . In 2019, the European Commission imposed a trans-fat limit (for industrially produced trans-fat only) of ≤ 2 % of total fat (% total fat ) to in pre-packaged food, with full enforcement starting in 2021 (14,15) . Many countries around the world, however, still do not have plans in place to eliminate industrial trans-fat from the food supplyparticularly many Asian and African countries (16) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-fat labelling information on prepackaged foods and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019

Cheng

Louie

2022

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the labelling status of trans-fat of pre-packaged foods sold in Hong Kong. Design: Data from 19,027 items in the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used. Ingredient lists were screened to identify specific (e.g., partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, PHVO) and non-specific trans-fat ingredient indicators (e.g., hydrogenated oil). Trans-fat content was obtained from the on-pack nutrition labels, which was converted into proportion of total fat (%total fat). Descriptive statistics were calculated for trans-fat content and the number of specific, non-specific and total trans-fat ingredients indicators found on the ingredients lists. Comparisons were made between regions using one-way ANOVA and χ2 for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Setting: Cross-sectional audit. Participants: N/A. Results: A total of 729 items (3.8% of all products) reported to contain industrially produced trans-fat, with a median of 0.4 g per 100 g or 100 mL [Interquartile range (IQR): 0.1 – 0.6] and 1.2%totalfat (IQR: 0.6 – 2.9). “Bread and bakery products” had the highest proportion of items with industrially produced trans-fat (18.9%). “Non-alcoholic beverages” had the highest proportion of products of “false negatives” labelling (e.g., labelled as 0 trans-fat but contains PHVOs; 59.3%). The majority of products with trans-fat indicator originated from Asia (70%). Conclusions: According to the labelling ∼4% of pre-packaged food and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019 contained industrially produced trans-fat, and a third of these had trans-fat >2%total fat. The ambiguous trans-fat labelling in Hong Kong may not effectively assist consumers in identifying products free from industrially produced trans-fat.

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Assessment of trans-fatty acid content in a sample of foods from the Slovenian food supply using a sales-weighting approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Trans fatty acids in frequently consumed products from Serbian and Slovenian market

Trans fatty acids in frequently consumed products from Serbian and Slovenian market

Branded Foods Databases as a Tool to Support Nutrition Research and Monitoring of the Food Supply: Insights From the Slovenian Composition and Labeling Information System

Trans-fat labelling information on prepackaged foods and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019

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