Assessment of hypoxia and TNF-alpha nbsp response by a vector with HRE and NF-kappaB response elements

Abstract

Hypoxia and inflammatory cytokine activation (H&I) are common processes in many acute and chronic diseases. Thus, a single vector that responds to both hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, is useful for assesing the severity of such diseases. Adaptation to hypoxia is regulated primarily by hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF alpha) nuclear proteins that engage genes containing a hypoxia response element (HRE). Inflammation activates a multitude of cytokines, including TNF-alpha, that invariably modulate activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor. We constructed a vector that encompassed both a hypoxia response element (HRE), and a NF-kappaB responsive element. We show that this vector was functionally responsive to both hypoxia and TNF-alpha, and. Thus, this vector might be suitable for the detection and assessment of hypoxia or TNF-alpha.

Cutting the molecular brakes to achieve cardiac regeneration

“…The role of Pkm2 in CM, vascular, medullary, fibrotic cells could also be diverse. Additionally, studies have shown that Pkm2 interacts with redox-inflammatory sensitive factors, such as NF-kB and Hif1a [11] possibly by direct co-factor or synergistic functions [12] in the nucleus. With increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, Pkm2, but not Pkm1, can be inhibited by cysteine-358 oxidation [13].…”