Assessment of Hematological Bio Markers during Vaccination and Challenge of Brucella melitensis in Goats

Abstract

Brucella melitensis affects both animals and humans and causes severe economic losses mainly due to abortions, stillbirths and reproductive disorders in animals besides being potentially hazardous to the animal handlers. The losses can be prevented and controlled through the use of Rev.1 vaccine. The protective ability of Rev.1 against locally prevalent virulent strain and its ability to induce adaptive immune response involve cellular interactions depending upon pathophysiological changes and induction of immune response. Thus to assess the changes in haematological parameters like number and types of circulating cells in blood, pure bred Brucella free native Jamunapari adult goats were vaccinated with Rev.1 and challenged 28 th day post vaccination with locally prevalent virulent Brucella melitensis biovar3 Indian isolate. The blood samples were collected from healthy, vaccinated and challenged goats at different intervals and subjected to assess fourteen different haematological parameters till 90 th day post challenge. The application of Rev.1 vaccine in pure bred Jamunapari goats did not adversely influenced majority of blood parameters. Moreover, the percentage of lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in total white blood cell count during vaccination with live Rev.1 vaccine does not have any conclusive assessment. Challenge with live virulent culture increased granulocytes initially but later on lymphocytes number increased significantly. The number of monocytes, the cells mainly involved in brucella clearance from infected cells increased initially after challenge but overall cell percentage remained almost unaltered. Out of fourteen blood parameters under study, it is only the total count of lymphocytes and granulocytes that can be used as haematological biomarkers to draw some inference regarding the status of infection in vaccinated animals.

Immune and Growth Response of Indigenous Pedi Goats Vaccinated with Blanthrax to an Inclusion of Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) in Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass) Hay-Based Diet

“…This varies from the findings of Jo et al (2014), who observed an increase in total WCC following vaccination of indigenous goats. However, it agrees with Kumar et al (2017), who found no significant differences in total WCC but observed significant differences in monocyte counts. Furthermore, in agreement with Kumar et al (2017), monocyte counts significantly reduced following vaccination, this could have been due to a mild inflammation following vaccination.…”

“…However, it agrees with Kumar et al (2017), who found no significant differences in total WCC but observed significant differences in monocyte counts. Furthermore, in agreement with Kumar et al (2017), monocyte counts significantly reduced following vaccination, this could have been due to a mild inflammation following vaccination. Useh et al (2010), reported a significant decrease in monocyte count following blackleg infection, however, there was no significant difference in total WCC.…”

“…Higher levels of platelet count outside the reference intervals as seen on day 0 are not of pathological importance especially in young animals but sometimes maybe bought about by an infection or anaemia (Evstatiev et al, 2014). According to Kumar et al (2017), platelet count does not play any role in immune response following vaccination. However, in the present study, mean platelet counts increased during the adaptation period and significantly reduced following vaccination towards the recommended reference ranges of healthy goats as recommended by Jackson and Cockcroft (2002).…”

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant System in Erythrocytes of Brucella Vaccinated and Challenged Goats

“…The prevention and control of B. melitensis in sheep and goats can be the best fitted model to control human brucellosis. For the purpose it is important to understand the patho-physiological interface involved in the course of disease in sheep or goats as virulence of Brucella species varies according to species, strain and the number of brucellae in inoculums [5,6]. Moreover, being intra cellular parasite, the pathogenic potential of Brucella spp.…”