Assessment of heavy metals in RDF for thermochemical conversion

Adefeso, Ismail Babatunde; Ikhu-Omoregbe, Dio; Isa, Yusuf Makarfi

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202015804006

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For Cd, the conversion into filter ash was higher in experiment 3 (lower filter temperature) than that in experiment 4, as expected . Pb conversion to filter ash was also higher than that in bottom ash conversion . Moreover, low-volatile elements, such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Al, Si, Ti, and Ba, were expected to be more concentrated in the bottom ash, which was observed in both experiments (3 and 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…50 Pb conversion to filter ash was also higher than that in bottom ash conversion. 51 Moreover, low-volatile elements, such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Al, Si, Ti, and Ba, were expected to be more concentrated in the bottom ash, which was observed in both experiments (3 and 4). The concentration of heavy metals in the filter ash fraction may enable different applications for the bottom ash, as long as the composition complies with current legislation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Inorganics and Trace Elements during Waste Gasification in a Bench-Scale Fluidized Bed

et al. 2021

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The gasification of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a fluidized bed gasifier followed by a high-temperature filter was investigated in a bench-scale plant. The tests were performed at a fixed reactor (bed and freeboard) temperature of 850 °C and filter temperatures of 450 and 550 °C using air–N2 and air–steam mixtures as gasification agents with equivalence ratios (ER) in the range of 0.24–0.32 and sand and sand/dolomite mixtures as bed material. The influence of these parameters on the gasification performance was studied with the primary objective of understanding the fate of fuel–N, fuel–S, fuel–Cl, and the distribution of fuel–trace elements into the gas and ash streams (both filter and bottom ashes). It was found that steam addition, besides increasing the yield of H2, promoted the yields of NH3, H2S, and tars. The catalytic effect of dolomite on decreasing tar production was not observed in our experiments. Fuel–N and fuel–S were mainly converted into ammonia (≥40%) and H2S (≥20%). Most of fuel–Cl was measured in the filter ash, whereas only a minor fraction of the fuel-S was detected in this solid fraction, especially at low temperature. The distribution of trace elements into the filter and bottom ashes was consistent with their inherent volatile behavior, although precise quantification was difficult due to the heterogeneity of the fuel. Preliminary assessment of utilization/disposal options of the filter and bottom ashes generated was made by studying the enrichment factor.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Inorganics and Trace Elements during Waste Gasification in a Bench-Scale Fluidized Bed

et al. 2021

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“…Higher values observed for the two deeper fractions may come from leaching by rainwater of incombustible particles from the upper to the lower layers of the heap. High ash content in a fuel is undesirable in general, as, among other reasons, it needs to be safely disposed of and may contain significant amounts of heavy metals [12,30]. Compared to the values compiled in [12], which range from 5 to 20%, these results are noticeably higher, which may disqualify the RDF in the presented research from application in certain industries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The authors, however, wish to note that it is an interesting area of further inquiry. An example of such investigations by other authors can be found, e.g., in [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Properties of RDF after Prolonged Storage

Romaszewski,

Fitas

2024

Sustainability

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Increasing production of municipal solid waste (MSW) drives the need for its disposal in a manner that is safe for the environment and human health. However, this may require short- or long-term storage before it can be properly processed. Similarly, a way of processing waste material is necessary for the re-cultivation of dump sites. This article presents the results of an investigation into the effects of long-term open-air storage upon waste material to be turned into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) by standard methods for the assessment of MSW and RDF pellet quality including bomb calorimetry, sieve analysis, furnace drying/burning for water/ash content assessment, and pellet expansion measurements. Results of the investigation indicate that such a form of storage bears no notable negative effect on the quality of the material; the pellet expansion coefficient, heat of combustion, and ash content were all found to be approximate to pre-storage values, with positive implications for the storage of solid waste and the prospects of its subsequent processing into solid fuel. It is shown that such material can be stored in open-air conditions for prolonged periods without the loss of desired parameters. In addition, a discussion of differences between the properties of material drawn from varying depths of the pile is provided and the potential impact of the findings in the context of the production and the storage of refuse-derived fuel is assessed.

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Assessment of heavy metals in RDF for thermochemical conversion

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Distribution of Inorganics and Trace Elements during Waste Gasification in a Bench-Scale Fluidized Bed

Distribution of Inorganics and Trace Elements during Waste Gasification in a Bench-Scale Fluidized Bed

Properties of RDF after Prolonged Storage

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