Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

Abstract

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.Capsule Summary: The heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) contents in tobacco of eleven brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and results revealed a significant amount of heavy metals in cigarettes and variable among different brands. Cite This Article As:A. M. Engida and B. S. Chandravanshi. Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold

A comparative analysis of heavy metals present in cigarette and cigarette leachate

“…Similar results were observed with Hg (Phal 2011;Kowalski and Wierciński 2009;Raju et al 1999). Whereas the Fe (Dobaradaran et al 2017;Engida and Chandravanshi 2017;Sebiawu et al 2014;Raju et al 1999), Cd (Dobaradaran et al 2017;Janaydeh et al 2019;Engida and Chandravanshi 2017;Sebiawu et al 2014;Ashraf 2012;Eneji et al 2013;Kazi et al 2009;Raju et al 1999) content reported in the present was comparatively lesser. This may be due to the difference in leaching methods employed and the number of samples used.…”

“…The mean amount was found to be 16.85 µg/g with a minimum amount of 0.834 µg/g and a maximum of 128.893 µg/g and the amount was found to be more in the leachates of the cigarette sample. This was much higher than other reports (Janaydeh et al 2019;Engida and Chandravanshi 2017;Sebiawu et al 2014;Ashraf, 2012;Kazi et al 2009;Raju et al 1999). In the present study, a mean of 78.98 µg/g of copper with a maximum of 287.52 µg/g was observed and this level was several folds higher than other reports (Dobaradaran et al 2017;Engida and Chandravanshi 2017;Sebiawu et al 2014;Raju et al 1999).…”