Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Hides of Goats Singed with Tyres, and the Effect of Boiling on the Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Hides

Adam, Ibrahim S.I.; Teye, M.; Daniel, O B Nuamah

doi:10.5455/jva.20130531104440

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Various reasons are given for the use of these materials for singeing meat. Fire from spent tires is considered more effective and efficient when compared to firewood, and is known to selectively burn off the animal fur without cracking the hide [1,[8][9][10][11].The relative scarcity of firewood in recent times is another reason given for the use of scrap car tire in place of firewood [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat Singeing Practices and Knowledge of Its Effects on Health and Environment among Butchers in Uyo, Nigeria

Ekanem

Ijezie

Udo

et al. 2020

JAMPS

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Aims: To determine the materials used in singeing meat, reasons for their use and knowledge of the health and environmental effects of using old tyres in meat singeing by butchers in Uyo, Nigeria. Study Design: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Uyo capital city territory, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria from August 1st to 30th, 2019. Methodology: We recruited 42 butchers (all males; mean age 25+/-6 years) from an abattoir, 2 slaughter slabs and meat processing sites on 2 major streets in Uyo capital city territory. Data collection was done using interviewer administered questionnaires and interview guide. Data was analyzed with Stata statistical software version 10.0. Results: The major singeing materials for goat hides were plastics 19 (45.2%) and old tyres 10 (23.8%) while firewood 13 (31.0%) was used for cattle hides. Reasons for preference of singeing materials were: old tyres burn fast 10 (100.0%), cheaper than firewood 10 (100.0%) and left no cracks on hides 10 (100.0%); Plastics were available 17 (89.5%), longer duration of flame 16 (84.2%) and the cheapest 15 (78.9%) compared to tyres and firewood while firewood was preferred because it burnt slowly. Twenty five butchers (59.5%) had poor knowledge of the effect of use of old tires in singeing on health and environment. Reported symptoms associated with singeing were cough 17 (56.7%), dizziness 16 (53.3%) and itchy eyes 14 (46.7%). Key informant interview revealed that number of animals singed, duration of flame and cost of singeing material were the major determinants of the type of singeing materials used. Conclusion: Plastics, old tyres and firewood were mainly used by butchers in singeing hides. Poor level of knowledge of effects of use of old tires in singeing was seen. Capacity building of butchers and ban of use of these materials is recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat Singeing Practices and Knowledge of Its Effects on Health and Environment among Butchers in Uyo, Nigeria

Ekanem

Ijezie

Udo

et al. 2020

JAMPS

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“…As such, it is unwholesome for consumption. In Ghana, Adam et al, (2013), reported that washing of singed goat hide slightly reduce the heavy metal concentrations, but the heavy metal residues were still higher than the maximum permissible level (MPL), signifying that washing cannot render it wholesome for consumption especially when the heavy metal concentration in singed hides are very high before washing. Pb and Cd are non-essential elements and they are carcinogenic, they can be hazardous to the health in a trace amount.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Goat and Cow Hides Singed with Scrap Tyre In Tudun Wada Zango Abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2023

EAJSE

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Singeing of goat and cow hides is the major process by which fur on the skin of slaughtered animals is burnt in open fire using materials like firewood and charcoal because it preserves the animal's hide for consumption. Tyres have been reported to contain heavy metals that could pose health threats to hides consumers. This study was done to determine the concentration of heavy metals in goat and cow hides singed with scrap tyre in Tudun Wada Zango Abattoir, Kaduna. 42 goat and cow hides samples were analysed. Samples were collected before singeing, after singeing and when singed hides were washed. Furthermore, scraped soot from singed hides were collected and determination of heavy metals. Samples were prepared according to the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists and concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Iron were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentration of Lead and Cadmium in tyre singed goat and cow hide have exceeded maximum permissible limit (MPL) of European Commission Regulation (ECR) while that of Zinc and Iron were below MPL. Washing reduced the concentration of heavy metals in both hides but levels of Lead and Cadmium were still above MPL. This makes goat and cow hides singed with scrap tyre unsafe for consumption. The scraped soot obtained from the singed hides had high concentrations of lead and Cadmium and can contaminate nearby water bodies and soil. Therefore, proper laws should be enacted to stop butchers from using scrap tyre as source of fuel to singe hides.

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“…Roasting is done mainly by the use of firewood as fuel as indicated in Figure 2, due to relative scarcity or high cost of firewood in recent times resulting in local butchers using scrap car tyres in place of firewood [1]. The use of car tyres as fuel for roasting carcasses is reported to impart some toxic heavy metals to the roasted skin which could diffuse into the meat, thus rendering them unsafe for human consumption, as it poses several health threats to the consumer [18][19][20][21] in Adam et al, [22]. US-Agency for Toxic substances and Disease Registry carried out research revealing that "tyre derived fuel" (TDF) contains several heavy metals such as lead (pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) that could be carcinogenic when exposed to consumers over a long period.…”

Section: Use Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of Roasting Goats with Tyre on Human Health and the Environment in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Ac¹,

Jn²

2015

J Pollut Eff Cont

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Implication of roasting goats with tyre on human health and the environment in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State was reviewed in this study. Tyre has 45.49, 40, 0.23 and 1.17% composition for carbon black, zinc oxide, wax and sulphur toxic materials which could pose health threats to human being and the environment. Most of the butchers in Abakaliki and its environs roast slaughtered goats with scrap car tyres. Scraped soot from the roasted goats have significant (P<0.05) high levels of 5.40, 96.10, 38.03 and 61.00 mg kg-1 heavy metal residues for pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe which are washed into the soil, water bodies and air that cause their contamination. These heavy metals concentrations are higher than maximum permissible limit (MPL). Appropriate laws should be made and enforced in Ebonyi State to stop local butchers from using tyres as roasting materials. Scraped soot should also be disposed off safely as is done elsewhere in order to reduce the risk of contamination of soils, water bodies and air with heavy metals in Abakaliki metropolis of Ebonyi State.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Hides of Goats Singed with Tyres, and the Effect of Boiling on the Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Hides

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Meat Singeing Practices and Knowledge of Its Effects on Health and Environment among Butchers in Uyo, Nigeria

Meat Singeing Practices and Knowledge of Its Effects on Health and Environment among Butchers in Uyo, Nigeria

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Goat and Cow Hides Singed with Scrap Tyre In Tudun Wada Zango Abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Implication of Roasting Goats with Tyre on Human Health and the Environment in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

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