Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Soils
Adjacent to the DK16-Route in Olsztyn
(North-Eastern Poland)

Rolka, Elżbieta; Żołnowski, Andrzej Cezary; Sadowska, M

doi:10.15244/pjoes/118384

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Soils with such a heavy-metal content can be used for agricultural production without restrictions [ 81 ]. Other studies also confirmed that the content of heavy metals in the soils of the eastern region of Poland was relatively low and did not exceed the relevant standards [ 82 , 83 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

Kowalska

2021

IJERPH

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The presented study was aimed at the determination of the level of contamination with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in 240 samples of plant materials, i.e., herbal raw materials, spices, tea, and coffee. Moreover, a probabilistic risk assessment (noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR). The samples were subjected to microwave mineralisation with the use of HNO3 (65%), while the determination of the content of the elements was performed with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP–MS) and a mercury analyser. The element which was characterised by the highest level of accumulation in the analysed samples was lead (from 0.010 to 5.680 mg/kg). Among the heavy metals under analysis, the lowest concentration was noted in the case of mercury (from 0.005 to 0.030 mg/kg). A notably higher level of contamination with heavy metals was noted in the analysed samples of herbs and spices (0.005–5.680 mg/kg), compared to samples of tea and coffee (0.005–0.791 mg/kg). According to the guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO) concerning the limits of contamination of samples of herbal raw materials with heavy metals, lead levels exceeding the limits were only noted in 24 samples of herbs (18%). In all of the analysed samples of spices, tea, and coffee, no instances of exceeded limits were noted for any of the analysed heavy metals. The values of TTHQmax (in relation to the consumption of the analysed products) were as follows: up to 4.23 × 10−2 for spices, up to 2.51 × 10−1 for herbs, up to 4.03 × 10−2 for China tea, and up to 1.25 × 10−1 for roasted coffee beans. As the value of THQ ≤1, there is no probability of the appearance of undesirable effects related to the consumption of the analysed group of raw materials and products of plant origin. The CR value for As (max. value) was 1.29 × 10−5, which is lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10−4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

Kowalska

2021

IJERPH

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“…According to national standards [44], the first two doses of each metal are the permissible content for arable land soils, and the third dose is the level proving soil contamination with these elements. Tests performed in areas exposed to continuous emission of pollutants often show an increased content of Pb, Cd and Zn in soils [5,9].…”

Section: Experiments Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This negative impact of trace elements is compounded by their continuous emissions into the natural environment from many anthropogenic sources [3][4][5][6]. In many areas exposed to intense anthropogenic activity, there is an increased content in heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Zn [7][8][9]. Contamination of soil with Cd, Pb and Zn poses high threats to soil quality [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of Trace Elements in Soil with Simulated Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Pollution

Rolka

Wyszkowski

2021

Minerals

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The research was based on a pot experiment in which the impact of increasing Cd, Zn and Pb doses on the content of available trace elements in soil was compared. Seven series of trials were designed: 1 (Cd), 2 (Pb), 3 (Zn), 4 (Cd + Pb), 5 (Cd + Zn), 6 (Pb + Zn), 7 (Cd + Pb + Zn). Aside from the control one (without the metals), three increasing levels of contamination were considered within each series. Mobile forms of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr) in soil were determined, in addition to which selected physicochemical soil properties—reaction (pH), salinity (EC), hydrolytic acidity (HAC), total exchange bases (TEB)—were identified while cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS) and availability factor (AF) were calculated. The application of Cd and Pb to soil resulted in an increase in the share of potentially available forms of these metals in their total content. The availability factor (AF) in the pots polluted with these metals was higher than in the control, in the range 17.5–20.0% for Cd, and 62.8–71.5% for Pb. In turn, the share of Zn mobile forms was comparable in most experimental objects, oscillating around 30%. Moreover, addition to soil of Cd, Pb and Zn usually caused a significant decrease in the content of available forms of Fe, Mn and Cu, and resulted in significantly higher content of available forms of Cr in the soil.

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“…Dangerous factors of anthropogenic origin are involved in processes that intensify the migration of metals to the edaphotope, which contributes to the reduction of vegetation (devegetation) and water depletion (dehumidification) and is destructive to the agrophysical, physicochemical and biological properties of soils, providing them with toxic properties [1][2][3]. These transformations arise mainly from the deposition of heavy metals caused by the emissions of metal-bearing dust, liquid and solid industrial and municipal waste, agricultural fertilizers and plant protection products, and motor traffic flow through roads and streets [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Any metal (metalloid) can be considered an impurity if it is present where it is not desired or in a form or concentration that causes harmful effects to humans or the environment [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Materials as a Neutralizing Agent Used on Soil Contaminated with Copper

et al. 2021

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The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the response of plants, using black mustard (Brassica nigra L. Koch) as a model plant, to soil contamination with copper (0, 200, 400, 600 mg Cu kg−1 of soil), and to determine the effectiveness of the Cu immobilization with mineral neutralizing materials, such as lime, clay and zeolite. The plant yield depended on soil contamination and mineral amendments. In the series without neutralizing materials, the level of 600 mg Cu kg−1 reduced the yield and increased leaf greenness. Lime alleviated the toxicity of Cu in objects with 200 mg Cu kg−1. Zeolite slightly mitigated the harmful effects of Cu at the level of 400 and 600 mg kg−1. Zeolite lowered the SPAD index. In the chemical composition of plants, the content of Cu, K, Mg, Na and Ca in plants increased to 400 mg Cu kg−1, while the content of P decreased to 600 mg Cu kg−1. Among the materials, lime reduced the Cu accumulation in plants the most, followed by clay. Cu narrowed the majority of ratios and widened the Ca:P and K:Ca ratios in plants. The applied mineral materials, except lime, did not significantly affect the formation of these indicators.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Soils Adjacent to the DK16-Route in Olsztyn (North-Eastern Poland)

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

Availability of Trace Elements in Soil with Simulated Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Pollution

Mineral Materials as a Neutralizing Agent Used on Soil Contaminated with Copper

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