Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the Khoshk River water and sediment, Shiraz, Southwest Iran

Salati, Sanaz; Moore, Farid

doi:10.1007/s10661-009-0920-y

Cited by 167 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The nonsignificant differences between levels of Cd and Pb in some stations indicate that these metals originate from the same source of pollution. The concentrations of heavy metals in this study were higher than those reported by Salati and Moore (2010) in the Khoshk River at Shiraz, Iran and those found in Sava River in Serbia (Vukovic et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Determination of Lead and Cadmium in the Water of the Damavand River, Iran

Khoramnejadian¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Heavy metals contamination of surface waters has become an important issue in the last decades. The present study aimed to investigate the levels of lead and cadmium in the water of the Damavand River, Iran. Sampling was carried out in 10 stations during summer and autumn 2015. Metal analysis was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Surface water at each sampling point was measured for selected physicochemical parameters with a multiparameter meter. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS and Excel software. The results showed that the mean concentrations (mg/L) of lead in the samples were higher than cadmium over the studied months. The highest levels of lead (2.13±0.80) and cadmium (1.03±0.50) were found in station 9 while the lowest levels of lead (0.09±0.00) and cadmium (0.03±0.00) were in station 1 (before entering the city of Damavand). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the stations, however, there were no significant variations between the levels of metals in the months. Significant differences were found between the levels of physicochemical parameters among different months at 95% confidence level. Present values revealed that the concentrations of metals in the stations were higher than the maximum permitted levels for drinking water set by different organizations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Determination of Lead and Cadmium in the Water of the Damavand River, Iran

Khoramnejadian¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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“…Enrichment factor (EF) differentiates the influence of anthropogenic contributions from natural factors on metal variations in the sediment [2]. In the present study, Al is the main component of clay mineral [45] and has been used to normalize geochemical data due to its conservative behavior [47][48].…”

Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan

Javed¹,

Ahmad²,

Mashiatullah³

2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Heavy metals pollution is a worldwide problem that has grown during the past few decades because of their toxicity, extensive sources, non-biodegradable characteristics, and accumulative behaviors in aquatic environments [1][2][3]. These metals are identified as a significant indicator for degradation of aquatic environments. Enormous quantities of metals are being released into the environment both from anthropogenicrelated processes and natural sources through direct discharge into water or indirectly through stormwater runoff, domestic effluents, fossil fuel combustion, and atmospheric depositions [4]. Heavy metals ultimately Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 27, No. 2 (2018), 675-688 Original Research Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk AbstractHeavy metal concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in surface sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan. The metals content in sediment varied significantly and were in the order of Al>Fe>Mn>V>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>As>Co>Pb>Cd. Except for Al, the average concentrations of metals were higher than the average value of the upper continental crust (UCC). The significant positive correlations among heavy metals (p<0.01) suggested that these metals originated from the same sources. The pollution indices indicated severe contamination of sediments with As, Cd, and Ni. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) revealed that 19.2% of As, 11.5% of Cr, and 88.5% of Ni from all the sampling sites exceeded the probable effect level (PEL). The computed average risk index (RI) of single elements were in the following order Cd(411.9)>As(69.0)>Ni(15.4)>Cu(10.0)>Cr(4.3)> Pb(3.66)>Zn(1.7). Principle component analysis (PCA) extracted three components explaining (76.136%) of total variance of chemical data and were highly to moderately loaded with Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Al, As, Cd, Ni, V, Cr, TOC, pH, CaCO 3 , and Pb in three principal components (PCs). The results obtained from cluster analysis, correlation of heavy metals, and principal component analysis suggested the origin of metals from both anthropogenic and natural sources.

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“…These quality index method has proved to be a significant tool for effectively gathering a composite influence of indicators to the overall contamination [11]. Several evaluation methods have been utilized by various authors in heavy metal pollution assessment in soils and sediments: Single index factor (Pi), Nemerow's pollution index (PN), potential ecological risk index (RI), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination index (Cd), pollution load index (PLI) as well as hazard quotient [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Pi and CF are computed as basis for obtaining PN and PLI respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%