Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Wastewater irrigated Soil and Uptake by Maize plants (Zea Mays L) at Firle Farm in Harare

Masona, Chipo; Mapfaire, Loveness; Mapurazi, S.; Makanda, Revai

doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p132

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Samples of maize cultivated near mine sites and industrial areas or irrigated by waste water were most likely to have heavy metal concentrations exceeding the limits. The average concentrations of Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cr in maize irrigated with waste water were significantly higher than the WHO standards [45]. Heavy metal concentrations of 0.306 (Cd), 0.24 (Pb), 4.17 (Cr), 22.46 (Zn), and 0.82 (Cu) mg/kg in maize grains around mining area of Anhui Province [46], other elements levels are similar to the concentrations detected in this study, while Cd is nearly 10 times higher than ours.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Levels In Plant-soil-irrigation Systemmentioning

confidence: 67%

Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

Liu

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Industrial development results in elevated levels of heavy metals in the local environment, including the air, soil, and water. These heavy metals can contaminate crops in the surrounding area, which may pose severe health risks to local inhabitants. The aims of this study were to determine the levels of heavy metals in plant–soil–irrigation system and the associated human health risk with deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Methods In this study, samples of soil, irrigation water, and maize crops were collected from the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was applied to determine the heavy metal contents in maize grains, soil samples, and irrigation water. Potential health risks were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Results The average concentrations of chromium and lead in maize exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations in food. The average concentrations of metals in the associated soil and irrigation water were both below the safe limits allowed in China. Deterministic estimation indicated a hazard index of 0.0986 for all inhabitants, implying no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The lifetime cancer risk value was 3.261×10−5, lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1×10−4 suggested by USEPA, while above the negligible level of 1×10−6 (USEPA) and 1×10−5 (WHO), with females facing a greater health risk than males. Probabilistic estimation indicated that approximately 0.62% of inhabitants are exposed to non-carcinogenic risk due to maize ingestion, while carcinogenic risk exceeds the maximum acceptable level (1×10−4) for 8.23% and negligible level (1×10−5) for 64.26% of inhabitants. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of arsenic in maize, the daily intake of maize, and exposure frequency of maize are the primary contributing factors in both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the content of arsenic in maize is of concern in the study region. Conclusions Based on deterministic and probabilistic risk estimation, there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks to inhabitants, while carcinogenic risk from As exposure is higher than the acceptable risk level. Females are at greater risk than males, and inhabitants under 20 years of age have the highest risk among age groups.

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Section: Heavy Metal Levels In Plant-soil-irrigation Systemmentioning

confidence: 67%

Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

Liu

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Many investigations, including long-and short-term studies showed that the accumulation of heavy metals in plants increased as a consequence of the application of wastewater (Rusan et al, 2007;Jahantigh, 2008;Jagtab et al, 2010;Masona et al, 2011). The accumulation of heavy metals depends on different factors such as soil pH, percentage of soil organic matters and amount of heavy metals in soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of treated wastewater on yield and heavy metals content of seeds in sunflower cultivars

Yazdani¹,

Saffari²,

Ranjbar³

2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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Treated wastewater could be considered as a new water resource in agriculture especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world such as Iran. Two one-year field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of municipal treated wastewater on yield and seed heavy metals content of sunflower cultivars, in Research Farm of Yazd Municipal Wastewater Purification Station during 2015 and 2016. The climate of the region was hot and dry according to Koppen climate classification system. Experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were three irrigation water types as main plot consisted ("WW": irrigation with treated municipal wastewater thoroughly, "WW/FW": irrigation with treated wastewater/fresh water alternatively and "FW": irrigation with fresh water thoroughly) and three sunflower cultivars (Azargol, Record, and Farrokh) as subplots. The following parameters were assessed: plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), seed numbers per head, unfilled seeds per head, seed and biological yield (kg/ha) and seed heavy metals content. Results showed that the highest plant height (194 cm) obtained in Record and the highest head diameter (21.5 cm) obtained in Farrokh cultivars, which were irrigated by WW. Treated municipal wastewater also increased seed yield by 10.7% compared to FW treatment. The highest (5029 Kg/ha) and lowest (3734 Kg/ha) seed yield were obtained in Azargol and Farrokh that irrigated with WW and WW/FW treatment, respectively. However, application of treated municipal wastewater lead to accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As) in seeds; but, the values of all the elements were below the permissible limits recommended by World Health Organization. It is concluded that WW could be used for irrigating sunflower crop without worrying about the accumulation of toxic substances.

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“…The long-term use of wastewater in agricultural land results in the contamination of soils by toxic heavy metals. These heavy metals include: zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) [2,3]. Various toxic heavy metals affect the production and quality of crops and potentially influence the quality of water bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive effects for the adsorption of copper, cadmium and lead ions using modified activated carbon from bambo

Ocreto

Chua

et al. 2019

MATEC Web Conf.

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Modified activated carbon from bamboo was used as a low-cost potential adsorbent to remove cadmium, copper and lead in single, bimetal and trimetal aqueous solutions. Using the initial concentration of 40 ppm, the analysis was conducted to determine the effect of pH (2.5, 3.0, and 5.5), contact time (60, 90, 120 min) and adsorbent dosage (20, 40, 60 mg/50 mL of solution). Results showed that for single metal aqueous solution, the % adsorption for Cu, Cd, and Pb were 89.0%, 87.4%, and 99.5% respectively. For bimetal aqueous solution the % adsorption of CuCd, CuPb, CdCu, CdPb, PbCu,and PbCd were 90.6%, 98.9%, 55.1%, 80.7%, 99.6%, and 96.05%, respectively. While for trimetal aqueous solutions, % adsorption of Cu, Cd, and Pb were 87.4%, 73.0%, and 98.4%, respectively. The % removal uptake followed the order Pb > Cu> Cd gave insights into competition effects among the three solutes during the adsorption process. Using Box–Behnken Design, the effect pH of the aqueous solution is an important controlling parameter in which the % adsorption increased as the pH level is increased while other parameters were insignificant.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Wastewater irrigated Soil and Uptake by Maize plants (Zea Mays L) at Firle Farm in Harare

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

Application of treated wastewater on yield and heavy metals content of seeds in sunflower cultivars

Competitive effects for the adsorption of copper, cadmium and lead ions using modified activated carbon from bambo

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