Assessment of Haemoglobin Status and Transplacental Transport of Lead and Calcium During Geophagy

Jn, Bonglaisin; Chelea, M; Tjj, Tsafack; Pn, Djiele; Dn, Lantum; Emc, Ngondé

doi:10.4172/2161-0509.1000204

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Більшість досліджень виконані в гуманній медицині і вони стосуються наявності важких металів у крові матері, в репродуктивних органах і в ембріонах (Thompson & Bannigan, 2008;Вiasek et al, 2014;Bonglaisin, et al, 2017), в плодах і плаценті (Zahrzewska et al, 2002;Kippler et al, 2010;Olszowski et al, 2016), особливостей стану плацентарного бар'єра жінок під впливом екзогенних і ендогенних факторів (Griffiths & Campbell, 2015).…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…Проникання лікарських засобів від матері до плода залежить від структури плаценти, Cd в популяціях тварин -від його дородової експозиції (Röllin et al, 2015), у людей -від статевих і вікових відмінностей (Walker et al, 2017). Оцінка проникності Cd взаємозв'язана з статусом гемоглобіну (Bonglaisin et al, 2017) і наявності наночасток, які впливають на проникність плацентарного бар'єра (Muoth еt al., 2015), що узгоджується з отриманими результатами при моделюванні запальних реакцій у відповідь на бактеріальну інфекцію (Sanders еt al., 2015;Qin et al, 2018).…”

Section: вступunclassified

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Placental barrier permeability to Cadmium and Plumbum during cow pregnancy and at the foaling time of mares

et al. 2019

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Kalynovskyi, H., Yevtukh, L., Shnaider, V., Zakharin, V., Karpiuk, V., & Omelianenko, M. (2019). Placental barrier permeability to cadmium and plumbum during cow pregnancy and at the foaling time of mares. Scientific MessengerThe paper explores placental barrier permeability to Cadmium (Cd) and Plumbum (Pb) in cows in the dynamics of their pregnancy in the direction 'maternal blood (MB) → maternal placental compartment (MPC) → fetal placental compartment (FPC) → the umbilical cord (UC) → fetal liver (FL) → amniotic (AMF) and allantoic (ALF) fluid' and during parturition in relatively clean and contaminated with radioactive nuclides environments, with the injection of tissue medication fetoplacentat in the dry off time, and feeding with a mixture of saponite and sulphur supplementation in rations; in mares at the foaling time in the direction 'maternal blood (MBm) → the fetal placental compartment of a mare (FPCm) → the umbilical cord of a foal (UCf ) → the foal's liver (FLf) → amniotic (AMFf) and allantoic (ALFf) fluid → the allantoic membrane of a foal (ALMf)'. The age of the fetus during pregnancy was established by anatomical parameters, whereas Pb and Cd levels in blood and substrates were measured by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GOST 30170896). The MPC (caruncle) and FPC (cotyledon) were analyzed separately. Their barrier function in relation to Pb and Cd was performed at its full extent in 4-5 months of pregnancy and coincided with the highest concentration in the fetal liver. Wharton's jelly absorbed Cd in 3-4 months of gestation. With the approach of calving, Pb and Cd levels decreased in the amniotic fluid and increased in the allantoic fluid. Under the influence of fetoplacentat in MPC and FPC Cd accumulated better in AMF and ALF, whereas its levels were lower in the cortical mucus of the cervix. Pb deposited in equal concentrations in MPC of all the cows (0.46 ± 0.18 μg/kg in the contaminated environment and 0.47 ± 0.17 μg/kg in the relatively clean environment). In the relatively clean environment its levels in ALF were lower in 8 times (0.62 ± 0.16 μg/kg and 0.08 ± 0.04 μg/kg) and 26 times lower in AMF (0.52 ± 0.07 μg/kg and 0.02 ± 0.002 μg/kg), whereas Pb concentration in the cortical mucus of the cervix was 17 times lower (0.06 ± 0.03μg/kg) than that in the contaminated environment, (1.01 ± 0.28 μg/kg). Pb transited from MPC (0.46 ± 0.18 μg/kg) to FPC (0.51 ± 0.19 μg/kg), deposited in the internal environment of the uterus wherefrom it was absorbed by the cortical mucus of the cervix (1.01 ± 0.28 μg/kg). While transiting through the fetal body Pb accumulated in amniotic (0.52 ± 0.07 μg/kg) and allantoic fluid (0.62 ± 0.16 μg/kg). Mineral supplement in rations led to a weakened barrier function of MPC (0.23 ± 0.14 μg/kg), a two-fold increase of Pb in FPC (0.47 ± 0.11 μg/kg), whereas in the allantoic (0.16 ± 0.05 μg/kg) and amniotic (0.38 ± 0.10 μg/kg) fluid Pb concentration was lower when compared to the control group (0.62 ± 0.16 μg/kg; Р < 0.05 і 0.52 ± 0.07 μg/kg; Р < 0.0...

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Section: вступunclassified

Placental barrier permeability to Cadmium and Plumbum during cow pregnancy and at the foaling time of mares

et al. 2019

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“…Several studies have been carried out on geophagic clays in Cameroon [13,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In 2002, the European Commission alerted the Cameroonian Ministry of Public Health [27] about abnormally high amount of lead (100 times higher than the maximum permissible level) in geophagic kaolin carried from Cameroon to Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

Ekosse

Nkeng

Bukalo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study assessed the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of geophagic clays sold in some markets in Cameroon to ascertain their provenance, contamination status and human health risk. To achieve this, 40 samples from 13 markets in Cameroon were purchased and analysed using X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for their mineralogy and geochemistry, respectively. The geophagic clays were dominantly made up of kaolinite and quartz. Their chemistry was dominated by SiO2, Al2O3 and LOI with means of 48.76 wt%, 32.12 wt% and 13.93 wt%, respectively. The major, trace and rare earth elements data showed that these geophagic clays were predominantly derived from felsic rocks. The contamination assessment indicated no enrichment of metals from anthropogenic sources, except for Zn in samples from Acacia, Madagascar and Mfoudi markets. The index of geo-accumulation indicated no contamination to moderate contamination of the clays. The non-carcinogenic index values for Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were generally less than 1, suggesting no non-carcinogenic risk exposure to children and adults consuming the geophagic clays from these metals. The carcinogenic risk index (TCR) for Ni and Cr were above 10−6, which implies that children and adults are vulnerable to minimal carcinogenic health risk. The TCR values from Ni posed the highest risk, especially to children consuming clays from some markets.

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Medicine Beneath Your Feet: A Biocultural Examination of the Risks and Benefits of Geophagy

Young

Miller

2019

Clays and clay miner.

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Geophagy is the intentional consumption of earth. Although widely documented among vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant women, the causes and consequences of geophagy remain poorly understood. Relevant literature was, therefore, reviewed to describe geophagy across species, geographies, life stages, and disease states. After a brief consideration of hypothesized etiologies, the potential harmful and beneficial consequences of geophagy are described, considering current evidence for each. Data available to date suggest that the greatest potential risks of geophagy include toxicity or heavy metal poisoning, and diseases resulting from consumed clays binding nutrients and beneficial pharmaceuticals in the gut. Evidence also suggests that geophagy may be beneficial by protecting against harmful pathogens and toxins through two distinct physiological pathways. Future research should explore causal relationships between geophagy and iron deficiency, as well as investigate the biological and psychosocial conditions that govern geophagy.

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Assessment of Haemoglobin Status and Transplacental Transport of Lead and Calcium During Geophagy

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Placental barrier permeability to Cadmium and Plumbum during cow pregnancy and at the foaling time of mares

Placental barrier permeability to Cadmium and Plumbum during cow pregnancy and at the foaling time of mares

Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

Medicine Beneath Your Feet: A Biocultural Examination of the Risks and Benefits of Geophagy

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