Assessment of growth and yield of some high-and low-cyanide cassava genotypes in acid ultisols of south eastern Nigeria

Okpara, D. A.; Mbah, EU; Chukwu, EI

doi:10.5897/ajb2013.13200

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Bitter cassava exhibited higher tolerance to CMD due to the presence of the cyanogenic glycosides while sweet cassava was more susceptible to CBB resulting in moderate bulking rate and fresh root yield that showed non-significant difference between the two groups. The findings contradicted previous studies by Wilson and Dufour (2002) and Okpara et al. (2014) in which they asserted that bitter cassava cultivars yielded more than sweet (low cyanide content) cultivars on the plausible inference that bitter cultivars had the tendency to exhibit stronger resistance to diseases and pests than sweet cultivars due to the high presence of cyanogenic glycosides thereby resulting in higher root yields.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…(2012) in their various works reported strong and positive correlation between CMD and CBB disease incidence and severity depending on season. Further correlation results based on cyanide levels of the genotypes from the study corroborate similar works by Ntawuruhunga and Dixon (2010), Okpara et al. (2014) and Rao et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Also, Wilson and Dufour (2002) reported that high-HCN cassava genotypes exhibit more than 100 parts per million (ppm) of cyanogenic equivalents while low-HCN cassava exhibits less than 50 ppm. Bitter cassava cultivars are more drought resistant, exhibits better photosynthetic efficiency (Eke-Okoro, 2000) and gives higher storage root yield than low-cyanide cassava cultivars (Okpara et al., 2014). More so, it is readily available and cheaper, hence demands more scientific attention in cassava crop improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic evaluation of twenty-eight high- and low-cyanide cassava in low-land tropics, southeast Nigeria

Mbah

Nwankwo

Njoku

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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A two-year field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with two replications in 2015/16 and 2016/17 cropping seasons at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike (05° 29′N; 07° 33′E; 122 m above sea level) in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess growth, disease status and yield responses of twenty-eight (28) newly developed high- and low-cyanide cassava genotypes in low-land humid tropics of Umudike, Nigeria. Plant height, stem girth, canopy diameter, number of leaves/plant, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava bacterial blight (CBB) incidence and severity as well as bulking rate and fresh root yield varied significantly ( P < 0.05) amongst the high- and low-cyanide cassava genotypes in both cropping seasons. Also, the results showed that bitter cassava genotypes exhibited greater tolerance to CMD than sweet cassava. However, there was no significant ( P > 0.05 ) difference in bulking rate and fresh root yield between the two groups. The Pearson's and Spearman's ranked associations between fresh root yield of the cassava genotypes and other variables analysed across the two cropping seasons were highly significant ( P ≤ 0.01) and positive contrary to the other variables. However, they exhibited different degrees of associations amongst themselves, especially CMD incidence that indicated highly significant and positive association with severity. The principal component analysis across the two cropping seasons indicated eigen-values of the four axes > unity with cumulative variance of 68.98 %. Most of the characters that contributed to the 22.35 % observed variability in principal component (PC1) were CMD incidence and severity, and number of leaves/plant while PC2 also exhibited high vector load from plant attributes such as number of leaves/plant, bulking rate ha −1 and canopy diameter. The bi-plot clustering indicated that genotypes (BI-56, NR110439 and B1-29) exhibited strong similarity amongst themselves across the tested variables. The combined fresh root yield sequence of the first ten high yielder genotypes was in the order: NR110439 > TMS010354 > NR110315 > NR 110238 > NR 110228 > NR 060169 > BI-117 > BI-50 > NR110084 > NR 110181. These cassava genotypes were considered to be better endowed genetically, hence their improvement can be encouraged to ensure high and sustainable root yield. A poly-linear and positive regression was recorded between CMD and root yield as well as between CBB and root yield indicating that they affected fresh root yield of high- and low-cyanide cassava genotypes and demands attention also in cassava improvement studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genotypic evaluation of twenty-eight high- and low-cyanide cassava in low-land tropics, southeast Nigeria

Mbah

Nwankwo

Njoku

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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“…Our findings indicated that farmers preferred sweet and high starch taste qualities which may be linked to pathogen presence and spread culminating in disease incidence and severity. The sweet varieties were more susceptible to CBSV and CMV infections than the bitter varieties documented by Okpara et al (2014) and Nakabonge et al (2017). The findings support those of Nakabonge et al (2017), where preference for cultivars was determined by a number of factors including sweet taste, good cooking quality, high yielding, early maturing, high marketability, good storability in the ground and tolerance to diseases among others.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

Kasule, F Farmer Preference of Cassava Cultivars in Eastern Uganda: A Choice Beyond Disease Resistance

Faizo

Wasswa

Mukasa

et al. 2020

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The cassava breeding program in Uganda has released many improved cultivars resistant/tolerant to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD). However, many farmers have continued to use cultivars that are susceptible to these major viral diseases but with diverse attributes. There is a need to understand farmers’ cassava cultivar attribute preferences and CBSD, CMD prevalence on the preferred cultivars. A total of 150 cassava farmer fields (74 in Bukedea district and 76 in Kumi district) located in eastern Uganda were evaluated for farmers’ cultivars and attribute preferences, as well as prevalence of CBSD and CMD on the farmer selected cultivars. The eastern region was of interest in the study, due to it-being the major cassava producing area in the country. In addition, 30 cassava plants of different genotypes were chosen randomly along transects of each field and assessed for CBSD/CMD incidence and severity on preferred cultivars. Results showed that more than 64% of the farmers in eastern Uganda preferred NASE 03 due to its sweet taste and high yields, followed by NASE 14 (21%) because of its high yields. There was a significant (P≤0.001) correlation between cassava cultivars preferred and CBSD severity (r = -0.56), CBSD incidence (r = -0.53), CMD severity (r = -0.51) and CMD incidence (r = -0.39). In corroboration, the most preferred cultivar, NASE 03 was found most susceptible to CBSD and CMD in both Bukedea and Kumi districts with CBSD incidence of 62.2% and 52.7% and CMD incidence of 56.9% and 34.3% respectively. The results showed that CBSD and CMD are prevalent on farmer preferred cassava cultivars, and that farmer cultivar preference depends not only on disease resistance but also other attributes.

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“…Several studies on other tuber crops tend to show similar results. For example, Okpara et al observed no correlation response between number of leaves and storage root yield in cassava [31]. Similarly Bassey established no significant correlation between number of leaves per vine and fresh tuber yield in sweetpotato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of Characters Correlated with Tuber Yield in Guinea White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)

2017

J Plant Biol Soil Health

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This study provides strong evidence that the yield parameters having important contributory factors to tuber yield should be considered in breeding and selection for higher tuber yield in guinea white yam. However, the negative correlation observed between fresh tuber yield and number of leaves per plant shows that number of leaves though an important morphological character is not a major contributory factor to yield in guinea white yam.

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Assessment of growth and yield of some high-and low-cyanide cassava genotypes in acid ultisols of south eastern Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Genotypic evaluation of twenty-eight high- and low-cyanide cassava in low-land tropics, southeast Nigeria

Genotypic evaluation of twenty-eight high- and low-cyanide cassava in low-land tropics, southeast Nigeria

Kasule, F Farmer Preference of Cassava Cultivars in Eastern Uganda: A Choice Beyond Disease Resistance

Identification of Characters Correlated with Tuber Yield in Guinea White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)

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