Assessment of group B streptococcal opsonins in human and rabbit serum by neutrophil chemiluminescence.

Hemming, Val G.; Hall, R T; Rhodes, Philip; Shigeoka, Ann O.; Hill, Harry R.

doi:10.1172/jci108593

Cited by 215 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Whether the complement improves the antibodydependent opsonization is much less documented. It would seem that the generalisation of the results obtained with strains of medical interest to mastitis-causing strains is disputable: the complement is either required or useful for phagocytosis of S. aureus or S. agalactiae of human origin [41,60,112], but it is only of secondary importance for mastitis isolates of S. agalactiae and possibly useless for S. aureus respectively [2,90]. More research on opsonic requirements of mastitis-causing bacteria is required to delineate the contribution of the complement.…”

Section: The Biological Significance Of the Complement In Milk And Armentioning

confidence: 99%

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

Rainard

2003

Vet. Res.

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-The mammary gland of dairy cows, which is prone to infection by various bacteria, mobilizes local and systemic immune defenses to cope with pathogens. The complement system plays an important part in the innate immunity against microorganisms through its bactericidal, opsonic, and phlogistic functions. The amount of the complement in the milk of healthy glands of dairy cows is low. Moreover, the classical pathway of activation is not functional because of a shortage in C1q. By contrast, the alternative pathway is active, deposits C3b and C3bi on bacteria, and generates amounts of C5a which are highly variable among cows. A slight inhibition of the bactericidal/hemolytic activities, of the deposition of C1q on bacteria, and of the phlogistic activity of C5a makes milk a rather anti-inflammatory fluid. The inhibitory activity does not involve C3b/ C3bi deposition on bacteria, nor the generation of C5a by the alternative pathway. When inflammation develops, the blood-derived complement components overcome the inhibitions and complement-dependent bactericidal, opsonic and phlogistic activities may be high in milk. Further research is necessary to evaluate the contribution of C5a to the recruitment of leukocytes in the mammary gland, and to specify the links between the complement system and the response of resident cells (leukocytes and mammary epithelial cells) to infection stimulus. This will help to define the contribution of the complement system to resistance against mastitis, and could help to differentiate animals more or less resistant to this frequent and costly disease.

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Section: The Biological Significance Of the Complement In Milk And Armentioning

confidence: 99%

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

Rainard

2003

Vet. Res.

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“…This finding suggests that both complement and antibody are needed to participate synergistically in the optimal opsonization of S. faecalis. Such a complete absence of antibody for this organism may be due to a lack of transplacental transfer of maternal antibody, an opposite situation to that of group B streptococcus for the antibody level of which has been demonstrated to be the same in cord serum as in adult serum (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Opsonic Activity of Cord Serum—an Evaluation Based on Determination of Oxygen Consumption by Leukocytes

Kobayashi

Usui

1982

Pediatr Res

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Summarythe oxygen consumption capacity of leukocytes as well as on the opsonhtion time. The method used in this experiment turned outOpsonic activity against four kinds of particles was to be simple and reliable and appears to be applicable in the between adult and sera determining the Oxygen consump diagnosis of various opsonic and phagocytic disorders, tion capacity of leukocytes. Althoueh both sera had almost eaual activity against killed E. coli (adul~l.5 + 0.6, and cord: 1.6 f '0.3 at 10% serum concentration, respectively, when expressed in nmoles oxygen consumed/min/l~~ PMNL), cord sen& showed less activity against zymosan (adult: 7.1 f 2.3 and cord: 4.9 f 2.0) and killed S. aureus 209P (adult: 4.7 + 0.8 and cord: 2.5 f 0.6) when diluted below 10% and 1%, respectively. However, this difference was not prominent when the serum concentration was higher in the reaction system. No opsonic activity against S. fwcalb (either killed or live) was present in any cord serum tested (adult: 2.7 + 0.6 and cord: 0, respectively at 5% serum concentration).Oxygen consumption capacity was compared between adult and cord leukocytes with opsonins in pooled adult serum and zymosan and S. aureus 209P as phagocytizable particles. Although no distinction was found at higher serum concentrations (adult: 7.5 f 0.9 and cord: 6.9 f 1.1 for zymosan at 10% and adult: 4.6 & 0.9 and cord: 4.3 f 1.0 for S. aureus 209P at 58, respectively), considerably less phagocytic activity for zymosan became evident in cord leukocytes in lower serum concentrations (adult: 3.9 f 0.7 and cord: 2.9 + 0.5 at 2.5%). Among cord serum specimens, there was noted no apparent correlation between opsonic activity and immunoglobulin or complement component levels. Higher values of IgA, IgM, C3 and Factor B in adult sera apparently contribute to a generally higher opsonic activity than that of cord sera. SpeculationThese results further substantiate the opinion that cord serum has less opsonic activity against certain test particles than adult serum and that cord leukocytes have lower oxidative metabolic responses than adult leukocytes as measured by oxygen consump tion capacity. The importance of the choice of particles is stressed in interpreting the results, as opsonic requirements apparently differ from one article to another. Although further studies are obviously necessary, the current method appears to be suitable for determining opsonic and phagocytic activities.It is generally acknowledged that newborn infants are more susceptible to idkctions than adults and that this defect in the host defense mechanism is primarily due to a relative lack of humoral factors and to cellular functions as well (2,3,4,8,9,10,12,15,17,22). Although there is fair agreement on the above notion, some inconsistencies have been noted in experimental results, which are probably due to the different designs and variable conditions in the performance of theexperiments (1 1). The present investigation was undertaken to reevaluate the opsonic and phagocytic activities of cord serum a...

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“…Mouse protection studies by Lancefield et al (14,15) (2) have demonstrated the absolute requirement of specific antibody for significant opsonization of group B streptococci. In previous studies, we have shown that human neonates who develop group B streptococcal sepsis usually lack opsonic antibody to their infecting strains (10) and that these neonates may also have impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte function (19). Inasmuch as opsonization and phagocytosis represent the most important host defense mechanisms in clearing the body of these bacteria, the present study was designed to determine the effects of passively supplying functional human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or serum containing opsonic antibody in protecting against group B streptococcal infection in a newborn rat model.…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Leukocyte Administration in Protection against Experimental Neonatal Infection

1980

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SummaryStudies have shown that human neonates who develop group B streptococcal sepsis usually lack opsonic antibody (Ab) to their infecting strain and that these neonates may also have impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function. The present study was designed to determine the efficacy of administration of PMNs or opsonic Ab-contPining serum in protecting against group B streptococcal infection in a newborn rat model. After intraperitw neal (IP) injection of -5 x 106 streptococci, animals received separate IP injections of saline, serum lacking opsonic antibody (Ab negative), Ab positive serum or washed adult human PMNs (2 x 106). The mortality rate in 55 neonatal rats infected with group B streptococci who received saline or Ab negative serum was 91%. In contrast, 40 animals who received adult human PMNs at the time of inoculation had a survival rate of ! N% (P < 0.001).Human serum containing opsonic antibody also provided significant protection against mortality in this model (survival rate 51%, P < 0.001). Leukocvtes from normal term neonates. stressedbemates, or ones pietreated with cytochalasin B offered less protection than did functional adult human cell (P < 0.001). SpeculationThis study provides evidence for polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction as another risk factor in group B streptococcal disease and suggests that fully functional PMNs are required for protection. Furthermore, this model involving the administration of human PMNs to an animal appears to have the potential for the in viw evaluation of PMN function in neonates and other compromised hosts. (2) have demonstrated the absolute requirement of specific antibody for significant opsonization of group B streptococci. In previous studies, we have shown that human neonates who develop group B streptococcal sepsis usually lack opsonic antibody to their infecting strains (10) and that these neonates may also have impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte function (19). Inasmuch as opsonization and phagocytosis represent the most important host defense mechanisms in clearing the body of these bacteria, the present study was designed to determine the effects of passively supplying functional human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or serum containing opsonic antibody in protecting against group B streptococcal infection in a newborn rat model. METHODS PREPARATION OF ORGANISMSGroup B streptococci type I11 were isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of infected infants. The strains were cultured at 37°C in Todd-Hewitt broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI), washed and concentrated in phosphate-buffered saline by centrifugation to contain 5.0 X 10' to 1.0 X lo9 colony-forming units per ml, as previously described (10, 17). NEONATAL RAT INFECTIONSSprague-Dawley outbred pregnant female rats (Holtzman) were obtained one wk before delivery. When tested, maternal rat serum did not appear to contain signif~cant opsonic activity against most of the strains we used. The neonatal progeny less than 24 hr-old were randomly assigned to gro...

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Assessment of group B streptococcal opsonins in human and rabbit serum by neutrophil chemiluminescence.

Cited by 215 publications

References 25 publications

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

Opsonic Activity of Cord Serum—an Evaluation Based on Determination of Oxygen Consumption by Leukocytes

Functional Leukocyte Administration in Protection against Experimental Neonatal Infection

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