Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Sri Lanka Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Balasooriya, B. M. J. K.; Chaminda, G. G. Tushara; Weragoda, S. K.; Kankanamge, Champika Ellawala; Kawakami, Toru

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4599-3_5

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is revealed that fluoride has a moderate negative correlation (r ¼ -0.729) with the pH value of the water as tabulated in Table 3. Fluoride absorption in soils reduced from humid to dry regions and from acidic to alkaline soils (Wang et al 2002;Balasooriya et al 2021). Furthermore, fluoride, pH, and total alkalinity occupied a separate parameter loading in PCA (Table 5).…”

Section: Correlation Among Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Belkhiri et al (2011) applied HCA and found three sampling clusters in Ain Azel plain, Algeria. Balasooriya et al (2021) employed HCA and found two clusters during the study conducted in all administrative districts of Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous natural and man-made variables have an impact on groundwater quality. Some of the natural elements are weathering of rocks, mineral dissolution, aquifer depth, recharge rate, ion exchange, and evapotranspiration rate (Liu et al 2003;Balasooriya et al 2021;Subba Rao et al 2021) and over-extraction, domestic wastes, septic tank leakages, excessive use of agrochemicals, and pesticides are only a few anthropogenic activities that have a negative impact on water quality (Balasooriya et al 2021;Subba Rao et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern approaches like multivariate statistical analysis have been widely employed for differentiating natural or anthropogenic groundwater contamination sources, data reduction, and classification (Singh et al 2004;Nosrati & van den Eeckhaut 2012;Machiwal & Jha 2015;Balasooriya et al 2021). To determine the underlying reasons for poor groundwater quality, these methodologies provide information on the links between parameters and sampling sites as well as an idea of similarities and differences between parameters (Nosrati & van den Eeckhaut 2012;Noshadi & Ghafourian 2016;Balasooriya et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selvakumar et al (2017) applied PCA for groundwater in Coimbatore, India. Balasooriya et al (2021) analyzed principal in 25 districts of Sri Lanka and found .69% of variability by the first six significant components. Rajapakshe & Rathnayake (2018) applied PCA for groundwater sources located in the very urbanized Malabe area in Sri Lanka and found first four principal components (PCs) explained 79.8% of the total observed variance in the data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Assessment of groundwater quality in Vavuniya and Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka using multivariate statistical techniques and a Water Quality Index

Meegahakumbura

Nanayakkara

2023

Water Supply

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Groundwater has become the primary source of potable water in the Northern province of Sri Lanka and extensive development projects, comprising resettlements after the civil war resulted in more extraction of groundwater. This study focused to assess water quality from the perspective of drinking by developing a Water Quality Index (WQI), applying Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and developing spatial distribution maps. Findings revealed more than 50% of samples reported higher total dissolved solid (TDS), hardness, and alkalinity values above the Sri Lankan drinking water quality standards (SLS 614:2013). 7 and 13% of sampling sites were in the ‘Excellent’ and ‘Poor’ subclasses, respectively. PCA results explained >77% of variability by the first four principal components (PCs). PC1 and PC2 reflect geogenic processes while PC3 reflects natural processes like high rainfall and PC4 indicates anthropogenic pollution sources. HCA rendered 122 sampling sites into three clusters. An integrated map of the WQI and three clusters discovers a predominant analysis of potable water quality highlighting the deterioration of groundwater quality mainly in the 18 Grama Niladhari Divisions (GNDs) of the study area. Artificial recharging at a household level and introducing proper sanitation facilities and regulations in agricultural practices shall be implemented to improve the WQI further.

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Section: Correlation Among Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of groundwater quality in Vavuniya and Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka using multivariate statistical techniques and a Water Quality Index

Meegahakumbura

Nanayakkara

2023

Water Supply

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Water quality monitoring and assessment in coastal lagoons: Developing a protocol using a case study in Sainthamaruthu lagoon, Sri Lanka

Begum,

Weragoda,

Mowjood

2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Sustainable water resources management requires monitoring and assessment of water quality in addition to quantity. Coastal lagoons play a critical role for the people and the ecosystem at large. Water quality monitoring and assessment for lagoons in Sri Lanka is important considering its services to the country. However, due to a lack of resources, most of the lagoons are not monitored and reported properly for further action. This study aims to develop a protocol in terms of monitoring sites, parameters, and frequency for water quality monitoring using a case study in a coastal lagoon, in Sainthamaruthu, Sri Lanka. The physicochemical parameters were measured weekly at eighteen monitoring sites for 4 months during the dry season from June to September 2022. Cluster analysis (CA) along with Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique revealed that a minimum of three sites out of 18 are sufficient for monitoring water quality in the lagoon. In light of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA), it was decided to retain temperature, pH, turbidity, Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in monitoring programs, since they cumulatively account for 79% of the variation in water quality in the lagoon spatially and temporally. Monitoring turbidity, TDS, and EC at weekly interval, while monitoring temperature, pH, and DO at biweekly or monthly is recommended. A further indication of the lagoon's water quality is that the mean values for turbidity (27 NTU), EC (754 μS/cm), and DO (4.6 ppm) higher than ambient standards, while TDS (344 ppm) and pH (6.98) are within. Therefore, we conclude that the lagoon requires remediation measures to be suitable for environmental purposes during dry periods.

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Evaluating the potential of treated municipal wastewater reuse in irrigation and groundwater recharge; 5-year contaminant transport modeling

Amiri,

Nakhaei

2023

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Sri Lanka Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of groundwater quality in Vavuniya and Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka using multivariate statistical techniques and a Water Quality Index

Assessment of groundwater quality in Vavuniya and Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka using multivariate statistical techniques and a Water Quality Index

Water quality monitoring and assessment in coastal lagoons: Developing a protocol using a case study in Sainthamaruthu lagoon, Sri Lanka

Evaluating the potential of treated municipal wastewater reuse in irrigation and groundwater recharge; 5-year contaminant transport modeling

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